NON-IONIC TENSIDES 349 Bath Oils Capacitance 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 Skt 0 15 30 60 90 120 '-Almond oil -• Tween 20: 18% • Tween 20: 47% -•- Water min n = 15 (WI= first washing, W2= second washing) Figure 2. Capacitance measurement with the Corneometer during the two hours following washing. transepidermal water loss in terms of an occlusive effect. This occlusive effect of spread- ing oil may partly explain the increase in stratum corneum hydration. The results of this investigation gain a practical significance in patients with atopic eczema. For these patients, the tenside content in a bath oil should be kept as low as possible or, even better, spreading baths without tensides should be used. REFERENCES (1) S. Braig, H. Tronnier, G. Meinhard, M. Teupel, and Ch. Gloxhuber. Rfickfettung der Haut durch spezielle Badezusiitze, Kosmetologie, 4, 85-89 (1974). (2) B. Gabard and E. Bieli, Measurement of lipid deposition on the skin of the forearm: Comparison of different bath oils,./. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 42, 299-308 (1991). (3) K.H. Mfiller and Th. Nook, Biopharmazeutische Beurteilung von Bade/31en, •rztl. Kosmetol., 16, 122-129 (1986). (4) M. Gloor, H.-J. Voss, M. Kionke, and H. C. Friederich, Entfettung und Rtickfettung der Haut bei K/3rperreinigung durch tensidhaltige L/3sungen mir Lipidzusiitzen, Therapiew., 22, 42364240 (1972). (5) M. Gloor, W. Falk, and H. C. Friederich, Vergleichende Untersuchung zur Wirkung verschiedener •51badezusiitze, Z. Hautkr., 50, 429436 (1975). (6) M. Gloor and R. Ohrmann, Zur Therapie der Sebostase mit •)lbiidern, Akt. Dermatol., 1, 273-279 (1975). (7) J. Betringer, J. Fluhr, M. Gloor, and W. Gehring, Have oil/water emulsions a dehydrating effect on the horny layer? Kosmet. Med., 1, 46-49 (1996). (8) C.W. Blichmann and J. Serup, Assessment of skin moisture, Acta Derre. Venereol. (Stockh.), 68, 284-290 (1988).

350 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE (9) K. Hashimoto-Kumasaka, K. Takahashi and H. Tagami, Electrical measurement of the water content of the stratum comeurn in viva and in vitro under various conditions: Comparison between skin surface hygrometer and corneometer in evaluation of the skin surface hydration state, Acta Derm. Venereal. (Stackh.), 73, 335-339 (1993). (10) E. Berardesca, EEMCO guidance for the assessment of stratum comeurn hydration: Electrical methods, Skin Res. Techn., 3, 126-132 (1997). (11) J. Pinnagoda, R. A. Tupker, T. Agner, and J. Setup. Guidelines for transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement, Contact Dermatitis, 22, 164-178 (1990). (12) J. H. Blank and E. B. Shappirio, The water content of the stratum comeurn. III. Effects of previous contact with aquaeous solutions of soap and detergents. J. Invest. DermataL, 25, 391•401 (1955).