204 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS Table III Mean Product Use Frequency and Consumption Dimethicone- Non-dimethicone- Dimethicone- containing containing containing 2-in- 1 shampoo shampoo shampoo (129) A? 138 B? (137) C? Mean number of uses of product over the study during treatment period 15.5 Mean frequency of product use per week 3.9 Mean total product consumption in gm 212.7 Mean consumption express as gm/use 14.8 16.1 16.0 4.0 4.0 259.9 A 266.8 A 17.6 A 18.6 A ? A denotes that significantly less dimethicone 2-in-1 shampoo is consumed (p • 0.05) in comparison to the other two shampoos. Table IV Differences in Hair and Scalp Perception Baseline to Posttreatment Periods Shampoo I Shampoo II Shampoo III Attribute rated** (A)* (B)* (C)* A. Hair effects Hair health (healthy/not healthy) 0.55 C 0.43 Fluffiness of hair (not fluffy/flyaway) 0.35 B -0.16 Damage (not damaged/damaged) 0.25 0.40 Manageability (not manageable/manageable) 0.08 - 0.06 Thickness of hair (thin/thick) 0.12 0.26 Texture of hair (fine/coarse) 0.20 0.14 Body of hair (no weight/lots of weight) - 0.45 - 0.36 Dryness/oiliness (dry/oily) - 0.28 - 0.26 B. Scalp effects -0.01 - 0.04 0.43 -0.10 0.44 0.12 -0.38 -0.20 Scalp health 0.3 0.3 0.2 Hair fall 0.2 0.3 0.06 Dandruff 0.7 0.9 C 0.4 Scalp itch 0.7 0.8 0.6 Scalp dryness 0.2 0.7 C 0.04 Scalp irritation 0.1 0.1 - 0.1 * The notations A, B, C denote that the following treatments, when compared to other treatment regi- mens, are significantly different at p • 0.05. A = Dimethicone-containing 2-in-1 shampoo. B = Non-dimethicone-containing shampoo. C = Dimethicone-containing shampoo. ** Rating based on a 0-to-7-point scale used both at the baseline and posttreatment evaluations. Moderately healthy Healthy Not healthy A positive difference in score from baseline to posttreatment indicates that the product is rated better at posttreatment as compared to pretreatment.

ABSENCE OF EFFECTS OF DIMETHICONE ON HAIR LOSS 205 data on the actual mean daily hair loss rates in a large population of 404 healthy Thai females over a period of six weeks and is consistent with reported findings in the normal population (2-3,8). As expected, significant differences were noted in the hair loss rates from grooming on shampoo versus non-shampoo days. No abnormal hair loss was evident pre- to posttreatment. Scalp examinations conducted to assess the degree of flaking, erythema, and scalp disease pre- to posttreatment indicated no shampoo-related effects. The subjects in the study answered questionnaires relating to their perception of hair fall and hair health. No differences were noted in the hair fall perceptions of the subjects using the three different shampoos. In this study, we determined why consumers associate hair loss with the use of sham- poos. While subjects on study perceived hair fall as a natural process in hair regrowth (37.1%) and unrelated to hair thinning or balding, they associated any increased hair loss during the hair grooming process to the use of unsuitable shampoo (39.1%), more so than to the grooming process of combing/brushing (27.7%) or to chemical modifi- cation (14.6%). Other factors known to contribute to abnormal hair loss such as child- birth (5.7%), medication (4.2%), nutritional deficiency (1.2%), hereditary predilection (1.7 %), and acute or chronic illnesses (2.7%) were not perceived by the subjects as likely causes of their hair fall. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to Vera H. Price, M.D., of the University of California, San Francisco, for her input in the design of the clinical protocol and for reviewing the results of the study. We also acknowledge the Deemar Survey Research Group, Bangkok, Thailand, for its assistance in the recruitment of subjects and the administration of the perceptual questionnaires. REFERENCES (1) C. Cainan, "Adverse Reactions to Hair Products", in The Science of Hair Care, C. Zviak, Ed. (Marcell Dekker, New York, Basel, 1986), pp. 407-423. (2) C. W. Ihm and J. Y. Lee, Evaluation in daily hair counts, Dermatologica, 182, 67 (1991). (3) J. R. T. Reeves and H. I. Maibach, "Drug and Chemical Induced Hair Loss", in Advances in Modern Toxicology, F. N. Marzulli and H. I. Maibach, Eds. (Hemisphere Publishing Corp., Washington, London, 1977), Vol. 4, pp. 487-500. (4) E. J. Van Scott, Physiology of hair growth, Clin. Obstet. Gynecol., 7, 1062-1074 (1964). (5) F.J. Ebling and A. Rook, "Hair", in Textbook in Dermatology, A. Rook, D. S. Wilkinson, and E. J. B. Ebling, Eds. (Blackwell Scientific Publications, Great Britain, 1968), Vol. 2, pp. 1355- 1425. (6) C. Zviak and R. Dawber, "Hair Structure, Function and Physiochemical Properties" in The Science of Hair Care, C. Zviak, Ed. (Marcell Dekker, New York, Basel, 1986)pp. 1-48. (7) J.P. Stroud, Diagnosis and management of the hair loss patient, Cutis, 40, 272-276 (1987). (8) Personal communications with Dr. A.M. Kligman. (9) A.M. Kligman, The human hair cycle, J. Invest. Dermatol., 33, 307-316 (1959). (10) D. M. Pillsbury, W. S. Shelly, and A.M. Kligman, "Hair", in Dermatology (W.B. Saunders, Phil- adelphia, 1956) pp. 40-51. (11) R. Dawber, "Alopecia," in The Science of Hair Care (Marcell Dekker, New York, Basel, 1986), pp. 451-467.