ABSORPTION IN HUMAN SKIN 229 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks go to William G. Reifenrath, PhD (RCR) and Philip S. Magee, PhD (BIOSAR) for their assistance in statistics and for discussion of the manuscript. Supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (ES-06825), the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. REFERENCES (1) R. O. Potts and R. H. Guy, Predicting skin permeability, Pharm. Res., 9, 663-669 (1992). (2) R. Kaiser, "Trapping, Investigation and Reconstitution of Flower Scents," in Perfumes.' Art, Science, Technology, P. M. Muller and D. Lamparsky, Eds. (Elsevier Applied Science, London, New York, 1991), pp. 213-250. (2a) C. L. Gummer, R. S. Hinz, and H. I. Maibach, The skin penetration cell: a design update, Int. J. of Pharmaceutics, 40, 101-104 (1987). (3) Pomona College Medicinal Chemistry Project, Pomona College, Claremont, California. (4) United States Environmental Protection Agency, Derreal Exposure Assessment.' Principles and Applications, EPA/600/8-91/01 lB (1992). (5) S. Arctander, Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin. (S. Arctander, Montclair, NJ, 1960). (6) M. S. Roberts, R. A. Anderson, D. E. Moore, and J. Swarbrick, The distribution of nonelectrolytes between human stratum corneum and water, Austral. J. Pharm. Sci., 6, 77-82 (1977). (7) R. J. Scheuplein and I. H. Blank, Permeability of the skin, Physiol. Rev., 51(4), 702-747 (1971). (8) W. A. Ritschel, A. Sabouni, and A. S. Hussain, Percutaneous absorption of coumarin, griseofulvin and propranolol across human scalp and abdominal skin, Meth. Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 11(10), 643-646 (1989). (9) R. J. Scheuplein and I. H. Blank, Mechanism of percutaneous absorption. IV. Penetration of non- electrolytes (alcohol) from aqueous solutions and from pure liquids,J. Invest. Dermatol., 60, 286-326 (1973). (10) J. Hadgraft and G. Ridout, Development of model membranes for percutaneous absorption measure- ments: I. Isopropyl myristate, Int. J. Pharm., 39, 149-156 (1987). (11) R. J. Scheuplein, Percutaneous absorption after twenty-five years: or "old wine in new wineskins,"J. Invest. Dermatol., 67, 31-38 (1976). (12) K. Bauer, D. Garbe, and H. Surburg, Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials., 2nd ed. (VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, 1990).
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