ANTI-SKIN-AGING BENEFITS OF EXOPOLYMERS FROM AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS 291 RESULTS ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF E-AP-SM2001 Signifi cant (p 0.01) increases in DPPH radical scavenging activities were detected in samples treated with ascorbic acid and E-AP-SM2001 at concentrations from 6.25 and 12.5 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values for the DPPH radical scavenging activity of ascorbic acid and E-AP-SM2001 were calculated as 6.84 ± 1.03 and 46.48 ± 10.76 μg/ml, respectively (Figure 1A and B). SOD-like activity showed signifi cant increases in samples treated with ascorbic acid and E-AP-SM2001 at concentrations from 12.5 and 25 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values for the SOD-like activity of ascorbic acid and E-AP-SM2001 were calculated as 65.17 ± 12.15 and 132.95 ± 45.53 μg/ml, respectively (Figure 1C and D). Figure 1. Antioxidant effects of exopolymers from Aureobasidium pullulans SM2001 (E-AP-SM2001). DPPH radical scavenging activity (A and B) and SOD-like activity (C and D) of ascorbic acid and E-AP-SM2001. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD of fi ve independent experiments. The vehicle control was set to 0%. DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. IC50 indicates the concentration needed to reduce 50% of DPPH. SOD: superoxide dismutase. IC50 indicates the concentration needed to reduce pyrogallol oxidation by 50%. a p 0.01 compared with control (LSD test) b p 0.01 compared with control (MW test).

JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 292 ANTI-WRINKLE BENEFIT OF E-AP-SM2001 Signifi cant increases in inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase were found in samples treated with oleanolic acid and E-AP-SM2001 at concentrations from 6.25 and 12.5 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values for the effects of oleanolic acid and E-AP-SM2001 on hyaluronidase activity were calculated as 33.34 ± 3.16 and 50.88 ± 16.89 μg/ml, respectively (Figure 2A and B). Elastase activity was signifi cantly inhibited by treatment with oleanolic acid and E-AP- SM2001 at concentrations from 6.25 and 12.5 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values for Figure 2. Anti-wrinkle benefi ts of exopolymers from Aureobasidium pullulans SM2001 (E-AP-SM2001). In- hibitory activity of oleanolic acid and E-AP-SM2001against hyaluronidase (A and B), elastase (C and D), collagenase (E and F) and MMP-1 (G and F). Values are expressed as the mean ± SD of fi ve independent ex- periments. The vehicle control was set to 0%. MMP-1: matrix metalloproteinase 1. IC50 indicates the con- centration at which the percentage inhibition of hyaluronidase, elastase, collagenase, and MMP-1 activity was 50%. a p 0.01 and b p 0.05 compared with control (LSD test).