USAN/INCI Spectral range Maximum concentration Function Remarks Regulatory status Reference Sulisobenzone/Benzophenone-4 (BP4) UVB, UVA2 10% Absorbs UV rays Photo stable Helps stabilize other UV fi lters Absorbed by skin, so its safety use in sunscreen is questionable FDA approved (49) Meradimate/ anthranilate (MA) UVA2 5% Absorbs UVA rays Anthranilates are weak UVB fi lters absorb mainly in near UVA portion of the spectrum less effective in this range than benzophenones, hence less widely used no known issues in terms of toxicity does not appear to be absorbed into the skin in addition to sunscreens, included in lip balms, lipsticks, and facial moisturizers FDA approved (49,56,57) Trolamine salicylate/ Triethanolamine salicylate UVB 12% Absorbs UV rays Odorless absorption into the skin in unknown cannot be relied on alone as a sunscreen water soluble, so it is frequently used in hair products that protect against UV radiation FDA approved, in the United States and Canada (49,58) Enzacamene/ Camphor (MBC) UVB 4% Absorbs UV rays May have estrogenic effect when used, but warrants further study helps to stabilize avobenzone Included in lip balms, lipsticks, and facial moisturizers Approved for use in Europe and Canada, not approved by FDA or allowed in Japan (49,59) Bisdisulizole Disodium/ phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate (DPDT) UVA1 10% Absorbs UV rays Photostable, water soluble, high molecular weight with limited dermal absorption Approved for use in Europe, not approved by FDA (49,60,61) Table II Continued UV PROTECTION AND EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF SUNSCREENS 329

USAN/INCI Spectral range Maximum concentration Function Remarks Regulatory status Reference Diethylamino hydroxylbenzoyl hexyl benzoate, (DHHB) UVA2 10% Absorbs UVA rays Photostable, compatible with other UV fi lters, may provide some protection against free radical Approved for use in Europe and Asia (49) Diethylhexyl butamido triazone (DBT) UVB, UVA1 10% Absorbs UV rays Approved for use in Europe and Asia, not approved by FDA (49) Dimethicodiethylbenzalmalonate/ Polysilicone 15 (PS15) UVB 10% Absorbs UVB rays Photostable, high-molecular weight polymer with limited dermal penetration and good safety profi le, Often used in hair care products Approved for use in Europe and Asia, not approved by FDA (49,62) Amiloxate/Isoamyl p (IMC) UVB 10% Absorbs UVB rays Most common UVB fi lter, used in 90% of sunscreens globally, little topical absorption and a favorable human safety profi le Approved for use in Europe and Asia, not approved by FDA (49,62) USAN: United States Adopted Names INCI: International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients. Table II Continued JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 330