PLANT SMALL RNA TECHNOLOGY 125 PSR baobab extract evaluated in these experiments appears to be associated with an ob- served reduction in certain visible signs of skin aging. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank Jason E. Yearout for reading the manuscript and for the Eng- lish language review. DISCLOSURE The authors of this publication are employees of Ashland Inc. FUNDING This study was funded by Ashland Inc. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS Elodie Oger, Ludivine Mur, Alexia Lebleu, Laurine Bergeron, and Catherine Gondran conceived and designed the experiments Elodie Oger, Ludivine Mur, Alexia Lebleu, and Laurine Bergeron performed the experiments Elodie Oger, Ludivine Mur, and Catherine Gondran analyzed the data Elodie Oger and Ludivine Mur wrote the article and Cathe- rine Gondran revising it critically. Karine Cucumel supervised the study. All authors read and approved the fi nal manuscript. REFERENCES (1) G. E. Wickens, The Baobabs: Pachycauls of Africa, Madagascar and Australia (Springer, Netherlands, 2008). (2) E. Besco, E. Bracioli, S. Vertuani, P. Ziosi, F. Brazzo, R. Bruni, G. Sacchetti, and S. Manfredini, The use of photochemiluminescence for the measurement of the integral antioxidant capacity of baobab prod- ucts. Food Chem., 102, 1352–1356 (2007). (3) E. De Caluwé, K. Halamovà, and P. Van Damme, Baobab (Adansonia digitate L.): A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, H. J. Rodolfo, J. E. Simon, and C. T. Ho. Eds. (American Chemi- cal Society, 2009), Vol. 1021, pp. 51–84. ( 4) A. Lamien-Meda, C. Euloge Lamien, M. Compaoré, R. Meda, M. Kiendrebeogo, B. Zeba, J. Millogo, and O. Nacoulma, Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of fourteen wild edible fruits from Burkina Faso. Molecules, 13, 581–594 (2008). (5 ) B. M. Komane, I. Vermaak, G. P. P. Kamatou, B. Summers, and A. M. Viljoen, Beauty in Baobab: a pilot study of the safety and effi cacy of Adansonia digitata seed oil. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn., 27, 1–8 (2017). (6 ) S. Tammen, S. Friso, and S. W. Choi, Epigenetics: the link between nature and nurture. Mol. Aspects Med., 34, 753–764 (2013). (7 ) J. L. Feig, K. M. Giles, I. Osman, and A. G. Franks, Jr, How microRNAs modify protein production. J. Investig. Dermatol., 135, 1–5. (2015). (8 ) F. Wahid, A. Shehzad, T. Khan, and Y. Y. Kim, MicroRNAs: synthesis, mechanism, function, and recent clinical trials. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1803, 1231–1243 (2010). (9 ) S. Cammaerts, M. Strazisar, P. De Rijk, and J. Del Favero, Genetic variants in microRNA genes: impact on microRNA expression, function, and disease. Front. Genet., 6, 186 (2015). (1 0) S. Srikantan, B. S. Marasa, K. G. Becker, M. Gorospe, and K. Abdelmohsen, Paradoxical microRNAs: individual gene repressors, global translation enhancers. Cell Cycle, 10, 751–759 (2011).
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