ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF MISTLETOES FOR COSMETIC APPLICATIONS 243 Recently, the cosmetic market has been emerged and driven toward natural, organic ingre- dients because of consumers’ concerns about synthetic ingredients. A number of these phy- tochemicals are today being developed, used, or considered for antiaging effects in spite of synthetic ingredient developed. For example, although synthetic antioxidants have been reported to be effective for inhibiting oxidation, they have been restricted because of possible health risks and toxicity (33). Also, cosmetic market and consumers still con- tinue to demand natural cosmetic ingredient (34). Thus, the use of natural ingredients from botanicals accomplishes for preventing degradation of natural ingredients in cos- metic product and for protecting the skin cells from being damaged as well as aged (35). Like other phytochemicals, a previous report demonstrated that mistletoe extract could be a safe natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food products (36), which are also useful biological activities as cosmetic ingredients. In light of this, in our study, we be- lieve mistletoe extracts can provide potential biological function in cosmetic products to beautify and maintain the physiological balance of our skin. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we evaluated biological activities of mistletoes in aspect of cosmetics. Both V. album and L. tanakae showed antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase, which are important for preventing skin aging. Depending on mistletoe family and extracting solvent, they showed different levels of these activities because of different phytochemical profi les, suggesting the importance of choosing cosmetic ingre- dients. Our fi ndings suggest that appropriate mistletoes and extraction conditions should be carefully chosen to broaden cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications. DISCLOSURE The authors declare no confl ict of interest in this work. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE), KOREA, through the Education Program for Creative and Industrial Convergence (Grant Number N0000717). REFERENCES (1) M. I. Choudhary, S. Maher, A. Begum, A. Abbaskhan, S. Ali, and A. Khan, Characterization and anti- glycation activity of phenolic constituents from Viscum album (European Mistletoe), Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 58, 980–982 (2010). (2) H. Franz, P. Ziska, and A. Kindt, Isolation and properties of three lectins from mistletoe (Viscum album L.), Biochem. J., 195, 481–484 (1981). (3) T. A. Khwaja, J. C. Varven, S. Pentecost, and H. Pande. Isolation of biologically active alkaloids from Korean mistletoe Viscum album, coloratum, Experientia, 36, 599–600 (1980). (4) S. Romagnoli, R. Ugolini, F. Fogolari, G. Schaller, K. Urech, M. Giannattasio, L. Ragona, and H. Molinari, NMR structural determination of viscotoxin A3 from Viscum album L., Biochem. J., 350, 569–577 (2000).
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