HLB VALUES OF NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS TaBLV- 1--(Continued) 255 Name Moer.* Chemical Designation Type t HLB t t Renex 20 1 Polyoxyethylene esters of mixed fatty and resin acids N 13.5 Atlas G-1441 1 Pol.yox.yethylene sorbitol lanolin de- rivarive N 14 Atlas G-7596J 1 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono- burate N 14.9 Tween 60 1 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoste- arate N 14.9 Tween 80 1 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono- oleate N 15 Myrj 49 1 Polyoxyethylene monostearate N 15.0 Atlas G-2144 1 Polyoxyethylene mono61eate N 15.1 Atlas G-3915 I Polyoxyethylene oleyl ether N 15.3 Atlas G-3720 1 Polyoxyethylene stearyl alcohol N 15.3 Atlas G-3920 1 Polyoxyethylene oleyl alcohol N 15.4 Emulphor ON.870 3 Polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol N 15.4 Atlas G-2079 1 Polyoxyethylene glycol monopal- mitate N 15.5 Tween 40 1 Poly. oxyethylene sorbitan monopal- m•tate N 15.6 Atlas G-3820 1 Polyoxyethylene cetyl alcohol N 15.7 Atlas G-2162 1 Polyoxyethylene oxypropylene ste- arate N 15.7 Atlas G-1471 1 Pol.yox.yethylene sorbitol lanolin de- nvauve N 16 Myrj 51 1 Polyoxyethylene monostearate N 16.0 Atlas G-7596P 1 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono- laurate N 16.3 Atlas G-2129 1 Polyoxyethylene monolaurate N 16.3 Atlas G-3930 1 Polyoxyethylene oleyl ether N 16.6 Tween 20 1 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono- burate N 16.7 Brij 35 1 Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether N 16.9 Myrj 52 1 Polyoxyethylene monostearate N 16.9 Myrj 53 1 Polyoxyethylene monostearate N 17.9 Sodium oleate A 18 Atlas G-2159 1 Polyoxyethylene monostearate N 18.8 Potassium oleate A 20 Atlas G-263 1 N-cetyl N-ethyl morpholinium ethosulfate C 2540 1 Pure sodium lauryl sulfate A App. 40 * 1 = Atlas Powder Company, 2 -•- Emulsol Corporation, 3 = General Aniline & Film Corporation, 4 -- Glyco Products Company, Inc.. 5 -- Goldschmidt Chemical Corporation, 6 = Kessler Chemical Company, Inc., 7 -- W. C. Hardesty Company, Inc. t A -- Artionic, C -- Cationic, N -- Non-ionic. tt HLB values, either calculated or determined, believed to be correct to 4-1. a variety of physical tests. There appears to be a correlation of required HLB value with chemical composition, though there are insufficient data to show a fixed relationship at the present time. It seems possible that, given (1) a suitable sorting-coding system for surfactants based on (a) HLB, and (b) chemical type, and (2) a more or less parallel or complementary sorting-coding system for the lipophilic ma-

256 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS T.•SLZ 2--"REo. ux•-ED HLB" VALVES w/o o/w Emulsion Emulsion Solubilizing* Acid, stearic .. 17 Alcohol, cetyl 13 Lanolin, anhydrous }' 15 Oil Cottonseed .. 7.5 Essential Mineral, heavy ¾ 1•)'. • Mineral, light 4 10-12 Vitamin (with fats or oils) ..... Vitamin (fat free) Petrolatum ¾ lb'.'5 Vitamins Esters ..... Oils (see "Oils" above) Wax Beeswax 5 10-16 Microcrystalline 9.5 Paraffin (household) ¾ 9 1• '.• 1¾.5 15 16.5 * O/W, i.e., solubilizing in water. terials used with surfactants, a cross relationship could be set up. With such a system, it should be possible to screen all the available surfactants in a few minutes and select a few that are worthy of extensive study. In summary, two conditions usually must be satisfied in choosing a sur- factant for any desired formulation. First, the proper HLB or hydrophilic content of the surfactant must be used, and second the proper chemical type of the surfactant must be chosen. Random choice, i.e., the old trial- and-error method, can lead to many selections that are wrong in two ways that is, both by chemical type and HLB. By first determining the optimum HLB value and then selecting and testing a variety of chemical types at this particular value a large number of wrong trials can be eliminated. The HLB method permits a more systematized trial than possible previously. HLB values may be calculated from analytical or composition data or the system may be used without calculating or determining exact value since it is a method of operation that has some correlation with water solubility of the surfactants. There is need for further work in this field to establish a rapid, more exact experimental procedure for observing HLB values, for de- termining "required HLB's," and for classifying and correlating chemical types of surfactants.