472 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS TABLE ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF SURFACTANTS I WHEN FED TO RATS IN SINGLE DOSES SURFACTANTS {FED AT IO% CONC. IN WATERI SODIUM DODECYLATE 01PHENYL ETHER 01SULFONATE 0OOECYLATEO 01PHENYL ETHER 01SULFONATE MAGNESIUM SALT DODECYLATED DIPHENYL ETHER DISULFONATE TRIETHANOLAMINE SALT SOOIUM LAURYL SULFATE DODECYL BENZENE SULFONATE TRIETHANOLAMINE SALT SODIUM DODECYLATED DIPHENYL ETHER DISULFONATE 25 % POLYVINYL OXAZOLIDINONE METHYLATED .8.3 % SODIUM DODECYLATED DIPHENYL ETHER DISULFONATE SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE- I:l RATIO NONYLPHENYL ETHYLENE OXIDE ADDUCT (9-10 MOLES E.O ) SODIUM DODECYLATED DIPHENYL ETHER MONOCHLORO SULFONATE SODIUM DJOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE LAURYL SULFATE TRIETHANOLAMINE SALT LAURIC OIETHANOL AMIOE LAURYL IMIOAZOLINE * NO RANGE CALCULABLE LD5oVALUE CALCULATED BY THE WElL MODIFICATION OF THE METHOD OF THOMPSON i m i L D,50 F??:C•7J• '•i:L•I R A NG E NRC '• NRC m NRC m NRC i i i i i I i 0 i • 3 4 5 6 7 GR./KG BODY WT. TABLE I I EFFECTS OF SURFACTANTS UPON THE RABBIT EYE J SURFACTANTS LAURIC OIETHANOL AMIOE OOOECYLATED OlPHENYL ETHER OlSULFONATE MAGNESIUM SALT DODECYL BENZENE SULFONATE TRIETHANOLAMINE SALT SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE NONYLPHENDL ETHYLENE OXIDE ADDUCT (9-1D MOLES E.D. ) SODIUM DODECYLATED DIPHENYL ETHER MONOCHLORO SULFONATE SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE SOOIUM OOOECYLATEO OIPHENYL ETHER OlSULFONATE SODIUM OOOECYLATEO OIPHENYL ETHER OISULFONATE •5% PDLYVINYL OXAZOLIDINDNE METHYLATED B,3 % LAURYL SULFATE TRIETHANOLAMINE SALT LAURYL IMIDAZOLINE DODECYLATED DIPHENYL ETHER DISULFONATE TRIETHANOLAMINE SALT SODIUM DDDECYLATED DIPHENYL ETHER DISULFDNATE SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE -- I . I RATIO l% 5% 25% IN WATER CONJUNCTIVITIS ( ORNEAL INJURY V. SL. j SLIGHT I Moo. J SEVERE m i 2 3 4 5 INDEX

TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SURFACTANTS 473 Eye Effects Due to the unique nature of the eye, it is particularly important when :onsidering chemical reactions to ocular tissue to establish the potential ?or producing loss of sight. Such injury, in its most severe form, involves •lenaturation of the cornea, resulting in a permanent opaqueness. In ex- treme cases the iris and lens may be damaged. Less potent chemicals may !njure only the conjunctiva, producing some degree of redness, perhaps ac- companied by pain and swelling. When considering the intended use of many surfactant formulations, such as hair shampoos, it is reasonable to assume occasional direct eye contact. It is desirable that such products be essentially nonirritating to eye tissues. The surfactants studied are listed in Table 2 in descending order inso- Far as their potential for producing ocular injury is concerned. This bar- graph indicates that all materials tested are capable of producing corneal injury at a concentration of 25 per cent in water. In general, those mate- irials with an index above 4.$ possess an appreciable potential for producing •severe or permanent impairment of vision as a result of direct eye contact. if'hose with values between 3.5 and 4.5 would likely produce moderate iinjury to the cornea. Such injury might be slow to heal, but permanent leffects would not be expected. This bar-graph likewise indicates that all materials are appreciably less Jinjurious to the eye when diluted with water. At 5 per cent concentration ionly four produced corneal injury of a moderate degree only. At 1 per TABLE II I EFFECTS OF WASHING RABBIT EYES FOLLOWING I APPLICATION OF SURFACTANTS 25% IN WATER LAURiC OIETHANOL AMIOE OOOECYLATEO DIPMENYL ETHER DISULFONATE MAGNES[UM SALT OOOECYL BENZENE SULFONATE TRIETHANOLAMINE SALT SOOIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE NONYLPHENOL ETHYLENE OXIOE AOOUCT {9-10 MOLES E.O.) 5001UM OOOECYLATEO 01PHENYL ETHER MONOCHLORO SULFONATE SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE 5001UM DOOECYLATE• DIPHENYL ETHER DISULFONATE SODIUM OOOECYLATEO OIPHENYL ETHER DISULFONATE 25 % POLYVINYL OXAZOLIOINONE METHYLATED B.3 % LAURYL SULFATE TRIETHANOLAMINE SALT LAURYL IM[DAZOLINE OOOECYLATEO OIPHENYL ETHER 015ULFONATE TRIETHANOLAMINE SALT SODIUM OOOECYLATEO DIPHENYL ETHER DISULFONATE 5001UM LAURYL SULFATE -- I:1 RATIO UNWASHED EYE WASHED WITHIN 30 SEC. AFTER APPLICATION CONJUNCTIVITIS [CORNEAL INJURY V. SL I SLIGHT J MOO. I SEVERE I ', 2 3 4 INDEX