38 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS the surrounding tissue before it has a chance to reach the skin surface. They likened the sweat duct after treatment with an aluminium salt to a 'leaking hose'. CONCLUSIONS There are a variety of methods for assessing sweat gland activity at the disposal of the cosmetic manufacturer. In considering which method to adopt as a routine test for assessment of the antiperspirant effect of topically applied materials, several factors must be considered. The choice will be influenced by the effect to be measured: complete inhibition of sweating• or only partial inhibition requiring measurement of small differences in the effects of products. Almost as important is the ease with which the method can be carried out and its acceptability to personnel participating in the trials. From this latter point of view colorimetric techniques are not ideal and many instrumental methods, if used for measurements in the axillae, require the arms to be in a raised, fixed position for long periods. Although these instrumental methods offer the most accurate means of monitoring perspiration, a well-designed collection chamber which fits comfortably into the axilla is necessary before such methods can be adopted as routine procedures for axillary studies. Until such a chamber is available the gravimetric 'pad' method will probably continue to be widely used. The environment in which the studies are carried out must promote sweating, but must as far as possible exclude any factors which adversely affect the production of sweat, for example, emotional influences or appli- cation of local pressure. At the present time there appears to be no antiperspirant material which is any more effective than aluminium chlorhydrate whilst possessing the safety-in-use characteristics of this compound. (Received: 12th February 1971) REFERENCES (1) Spearman, R. I. C. and Jarrett, A. The structure and physiology of the skin in Pharma- ceutical and Cosmetic Products for Topical Administration (1969) (William Heinemann, Medical Books, London). (2) Zelickson, A. S. Electron microscope study of epidermal sweat duct. Arch. Dermatol., 83 106 (1961). (3) Spearman, R. I. C. Branched eccrine sweat glands in normal human skin. Nature, 9,19 84 (1968). (4) Harry, R. G. Modern Cosmeticology I 465 (1965) (Leonard Hill, London). (5) Shelley, W. B. and Hurley, H. J. The physiology of the human axillary apocrine sweat gland. J. Invest. Dermatol. 20 285 (1953). (6) Hurley, H. J. and Shelley, W. B. The Human Apocrine Sweat Gland in Health and Disease (1960) (Thomas, Springfield, Illinois). •7) Ikeuchi, K. and Kuno, Y. On the regional differences of the perspiration on the surfaco of the human body. J. Orient. Med. 7 67, 106 (1927).

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