RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SKIN CONDITION IN WOMEN 309 students who randomly received either fi sh oil (1.74 g EPA and 0.25 g DHA) or a placebo for 4 weeks. They found that fatigue scores in POMS were signifi cantly decreased in the fi sh oil group. Fontani et al. (31) performed a randomized control study of 33 healthy participants administered fi sh oil (1.6 g EPA, 0.8 g DHA, and 0.4 g of other n–3 fatty acids) and 16 participants administered a placebo. They found that all mood states in- cluding fatigue were signifi cantly improved when assessed within the fi sh oil group alone. Our fi nding showing the favorable correlation between DHA and fatigue is in line with those reports (30,31). CONCLUSIONS Pigmentation characteristics were dependent on the area of the face. A negative mood and AA were unfavorably correlated with skin conditions however, no meaningful correla- tions were found between n–3 fatty acids and skin conditions. ALA was favorably corre- lated with mood. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to Hiroko Hamatani (University of Toyama) and Shizuko Takebe (University of Toyama) for their technical assistance. This work was partly supported by a Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant. REFERENCES (1) J. Y. Koo and C. T. Pham, Psychodermatology. Practical guidelines on pharmacotherapy, Arch. Dermatol., 128, 381–388 (1992). (2) P. Magin, D. Sibbritt, and K. Bailey, The relationship between psychiatric illnesses and skin disease: A longitudinal analysis of young Australian women, Arch. Dermatol., 145, 896–902 (2009). (3) M. Katzman and A. C. Logan, Acne vulgaris: Nutritional factors may be infl uencing psychological sequelae, Med. Hypotheses, 69, 1080–1084 (2007). (4) P. C. Calder, Dietary modifi cation of infl ammation with lipids, Proc. Nutr. Soc., 61, 345–358 (2002). (5) P. Y. Lin and K. P. Su, A meta-analytic review of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of antidepres- sant effi cacy of omega-3 fatty acids, J. Clin. Psychiatry, 68, 1056–1061 (2007). (6) B. M. Ross, J. Seguin, and L. E. Sieswerda, Omega-3 fatty acids as treatments for mental illness: Which disorder and which fatty acid?, Lipids Health Dis., 6, 21 (2007). (7) J. R. Hibbeln, Depression, suicide and defi ciencies of omega-3 essential fatty acids in modern diets, World Rev. Nutr. Diet., 99, 17–30 (2009). (8) T. Hamazaki, S. Sawazaki, M. Itomura, E. Asaoka, Y. Nagao, N. Nishimura, K. Yazawa, T. Kuwamori, and M. Kobayashi, The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on aggression in young adults. A placebo- controlled double-blind study, J. Clin. Invest., 97, 1129–1133 (1996). (9) T. Hamazaki and K. Hamazaki, Fish oils and aggression or hostility, Prog. Lipid Res., 47, 221–232 (2008). (10) A. Kawada, S. Kawara, N. Oiso, H. Endo, E. Yoshinaga, N. Konishi, T. Kurimoto, and T. Momma, An evaluation of whitening effect of an intense pulsed light source using computer analysis of the video- captured digital image, Arch. Dermatol. Res., 300 (Suppl 1), S39–S41 (2008). (11) Image J, Image Processing and Analysis in Java, accessed January 15, 2007, http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/index. html (12) K. Hamazaki, M. Itomura, M. Huan, H. Nishizawa, S. Sawazaki, M. Tanouchi, S. Watanabe, T. Hamazaki, K. Terasawa, and K. Yazawa, Effect of omega-3 fatty acid-containing phospholipids on blood catecholamine concentrations in healthy volunteers: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double- blind trial, Nutrition, 21, 705–710 (2005).
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