JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 292 ANTI-WRINKLE BENEFIT OF E-AP-SM2001 Signifi cant increases in inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase were found in samples treated with oleanolic acid and E-AP-SM2001 at concentrations from 6.25 and 12.5 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values for the effects of oleanolic acid and E-AP-SM2001 on hyaluronidase activity were calculated as 33.34 ± 3.16 and 50.88 ± 16.89 μg/ml, respectively (Figure 2A and B). Elastase activity was signifi cantly inhibited by treatment with oleanolic acid and E-AP- SM2001 at concentrations from 6.25 and 12.5 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values for Figure 2. Anti-wrinkle benefi ts of exopolymers from Aureobasidium pullulans SM2001 (E-AP-SM2001). In- hibitory activity of oleanolic acid and E-AP-SM2001against hyaluronidase (A and B), elastase (C and D), collagenase (E and F) and MMP-1 (G and F). Values are expressed as the mean ± SD of fi ve independent ex- periments. The vehicle control was set to 0%. MMP-1: matrix metalloproteinase 1. IC50 indicates the con- centration at which the percentage inhibition of hyaluronidase, elastase, collagenase, and MMP-1 activity was 50%. a p 0.01 and b p 0.05 compared with control (LSD test).

ANTI-SKIN-AGING BENEFITS OF EXOPOLYMERS FROM AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS 293 the effects of oleanolic acid and E-AP-SM2001 on elastase activity were calculated as 29.36 ± 7.57 and 56.29 ± 23.06 μg/ml, respectively (Figure 2C and D). Collagenase activity was signifi cantly inhibited by treatment with oleanolic acid and E- AP-SM2001 at concentrations from 12.5 and 25 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values for the effects of oleanolic acid and E-AP-SM2001 on collagenase activity were calculated as 70.49 ± 21.08 and 107.21 ± 38.82 μg/ml, respectively (Figure 2E and F). MMP-1 activity was signifi cantly (p 0.01) inhibited by treatment with oleanolic acid and E-AP-SM2001 at concentrations from 12.5 and 25 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values for the effects of oleanolic acid and E-AP-SM2001 on collagenase activity were calculated as 71.93 ± 24.93 and 244.31 ± 74.71 μg/ml, respectively (Figure 2G and H). WHITENING EFFECTS OF E-AP-SM2001 Kojic acid and E-AP-SM2001 signifi cantly (p 0.01) inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity at concentrations from 1.25 and 12.5 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values for the effects of kojic acid and E-AP-SM2001 on tyrosinase activity were calculated as 2.94 ± 1.04 and 53.17 ± 24.17 μg/ml, respectively (Figure 3A and B). Figure 3. Whitening effects of exopolymers from Aureobasidium pullulans SM2001 (E-AP-SM2001). Inhibi- tory activity of kojic acid and E-AP-SM2001 against tyrosinase (A and B) and melanin formation (C and D). Values are expressed as the mean ± SD of fi ve independent experiments. The vehicle control was set to 0%. IC50 indicates the concentration at which the percentage inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin forma- tion was 50%. a p 0.01 compared with control (MW test).