JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 146 (5) M. D. Lundov, L. Moesby, C. Zachariae, and J. D. Johansen, Contamination versus preservation of cos- metics: a review on legislation, usage, infections, and contact allergy, Contact Dermatitis, 60, 70–78 (2009). (6) L. Torbeck, D. Raccasi, D. Guilfoyle, R. L. Friedman, and D. Hussong, Burkholderia cepacia: this deci- sion is overdue, PDA J. Pharm. Sci. Technol., 65, 535–543 (2011). (7) E. Mahenthiralingam, A. Baldwin, and C. G. Dowson, Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria: opportu- nistic pathogens with important natural biology, J. Appl. Microbiol., 104, 1539–1551 (2008). (8) R. Reik, T. Spilker, and J. J. Lipuma, Distribution of Burkholderia cepacia complex species among isolates recovered from persons with or without cystic fi brosis, J. Clin. Microbiol., 43, 2926–2928 (2005). (9) P. K. Kutty, B. Moody, J. S. Gullion, M. Zervos, M. Ajluni, R. Washburn, R. Sanderson, M. Kainer, T. Powell, C. Clarke, R. J. Powell, N. Pascoe, A. Shams, J. LiPuma, B. Jensen, J. Noble-Wang, M. Arduino, and L. McDonald, Multistate outbreak of Burkholderia cenocepacia colonization and infection associated with the use of intrinsically contaminated alcohol-free mouthwash, Chest, 132, 1825–1831 (2007). (10) L. Matrician, G. Ange, S. Burns, W. L. Fanning, C. Kioski, G. D. Cage, and K. K. Komatsu, Outbreak of nosocomial Burkholderia cepacia infection and colonization associated with intrinsically contaminated mouthwash. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol., 21, 739–741 (2000). (11) J. Molina-Cabrillana, M. Bolaños-Rivero, E. E. Alvarez-León, A. M. M. Sánchez, M. Sánchez-Palacios, D. Alvarez, and J. A. Sáez-Nieto, Intrinsically contaminated alcohol-free mouthwash implicated in a nosocomial outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia colonization and infection. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol., 27, 1281–1282 (2006). (12 ) F. Álvarez-Lerma, E. Maull, R. Terradas, C. Segura, I. Planells, P. Coll, H. Knobel, and A. Vázquez, Moisturizing body milk as a reservoir of Burkholderia cepacia: outbreak of nosocomial infection in a mul- tidisciplinary intensive care unit, Crit. Care, 12, R10 (2008). (13) K . Süer, M. Güvenir, B. Otlu, and E. Tunç, Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia complex associated with contaminated liquid soap for hospital use: a case study, Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 10, 791–795 (2016). (14) M. M artin, B. Christiansen, G. Caspari, M. Hogardt, A. J. Von Thomsen, E. Ott, and F. Mattner, Hospital-wide outbreak of Burkholderia contaminans caused by prefabricated moist washcloths, J. Hosp. Infect., 77, 267–270 (2011). (15) E. B ach, F. H. Sant’Anna, J. F. Magrich dos Passos, E. Balsanelli, V. A. de Baura, F. O. Pedrosa, E. M. de Souza, and L. M. P. Passaglia, Detection of misidentifi cations of species from the Burkholderia cepacia complex and description of a new member, the soil bacterium Burkholderia catarinensis sp. nov, Pathog. Dis., 75, ftx076 (2017). (16) C. F . Weber and G. M. King, Volcanic soils as sources of novel CO-Oxidizing Paraburkholderia and Burkholderia: Paraburkholderia hiiakae sp. nov., Paraburkholderia metrosideri sp. nov., Paraburkholderia paradisi sp. nov., Paraburkholderia peleae sp. nov., and Burkholderia alpina sp. nov.a member of the Burk- holderia cepacia complex, Front. Microbiol., 8, 207 (2017). (17) P. M artina, M. Leguizamon, C. I. Prieto, S. A. Sousa, P. Montanaro, W. O. Draghi, M. Stämmler, M. Bettiol, C. C. C. R. de Carvalho, J. Palau, C. Figoli, F. Alvarez, S. Benetti, S. Lejona, C. Vescina, J. Ferreras, P. Lasch, A. Lagares, A. Zorreguieta, J. H. Leitão, O. M. Yantorno, and A. Bosch, Burkholderia puraquae sp.nov., a novel species of the Burkholderia cepacia complex isolated from hospital settings and agricul- tural soils, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 68, 14–20 (2017). (18) K. S. Ong, Y. K Aw, L. H. Lee, C. M. Yule, Y. L. Cheow, and S. M. Lee, Burkholderia paludis sp. nov., an antibiotic-siderophore producing novel Burkholderia cepacia complex species, isolated from Malaysian tropical peat swamp soil, Front. Microbiol., 7, 2046 (2016). (19) B. De Smet, M. Mayo, C. Peeters, J. E. Zlosnik, T. Spilker, T. J. Hird, J. John, L. Puma, T. J. Kidd, M. Kaestli, J. L. Ginther, D. M. Wagner, P. Keim, S. C. Bell, J. A. Jacobs, B. J. Currie, and P. Vandamme, Burkholderia stagnalis sp. nov. and Burkholderia territorii sp. nov., two novel Burkholderia cepacia complex species from environmental and human sources, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 65, 2265–2271 (2015). (20) C. Pe e ters, J. E. Zlosnik, T. Spilker, T. J. Hird, J. J. LiPuma, and P. Vandamme, Burkholderia pseudomul- tivoranssp.nov., a novel Burkholderia cepacia complex species from human respiratory samples and the rhizosphere, Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 36, 483–489 (2013). (21) E. Va n laere, J. J. LiPuma, A. Baldwin, D. Henry, E. De Brandt, E. Mahenthiralingam, D. Speert, C. Dowson, and P. Vandamme, Burkholderia latens sp. nov., Burkholderia diffusa sp. nov., Burkholderia arboris sp. nov., Burkholderia seminalis sp. nov. and Burkholderia metallica sp. nov., novel species within the Bur- kholderia cepacia complex, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 58, 1580–1590 (2008).

BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA COMPLEX IN PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS 147 (22) K. Ve r mis, T. Coenye, J. J. LiPuma, E. Mahenthiralingam, H. J. Nelis, and P. Vandamme, Proposal to accommodate Burkholderia cepacia genomovar VI as Burkholderia dolosa sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Micro- biol., 54, 689–691 (2004). (23) P. Va n damme, B. Holmes, T. Coenye, J. Goris, E. Mahenthiralingam, J. J. LiPuma, and J. R. Govan, Burkholderia cenocepacia sp. nov.-a new twist to an old story, Res. Microbiol., 154, 91–96 (2003). (24) P. Va n damme, D. Henry, T. Coenye, S. Nzula, M. Vancanneyt, J. J. LiPuma, D. P. Speert, J. R. W. Govan, and E. Mahenthiralingam, Burkholderia anthina sp. nov. and Burkholderia pyrrocinia, two addi- tional Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria, may confound results of new molecular diagnostic tools, FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 33, 143–149 (2002). (25) E. Va n laere, A. Baldwin, D. Gevers, D. Henry, E. De Brandt, J. J. LiPuma, E. Mahenthiralingam, D. P. Speert, C. Dowson, P. Vandamme, and K. Taxon, A complex within the Burkholderia cepacia complex, comprises at least two novel species, Burkholderia contaminans sp. nov. and Burkholderia lata sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 59, 102–111 (2009). (26) T. Co e nye, E. Mahenthiralingam, D. Henry, J. J. LiPuma, S. Laevens, M. Gillis, D. P. Speert, and P. Vandamme, Burkholderia ambifaria sp. nov., a novel member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex includ- ing biocontrol and cystic fi brosis-related isolates, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 51, 1481–1490 (2001). (27) P. Va n damme, E. Mahenthiralingam, B. Holmes, T. Coenye, B. Hoste, P. De Vos, D. Henry, and D. P. Speert, Identifi cation and population structure of Burkholderia stabilis sp. nov.(formerly Burkholderia cepacia Genomovar IV), J. Clin. Microbiol., 38, 1042–1047 (2000). (28) P. Va n damme, B. Holmes, M. Vancanneyt, T. Coenye, B. Hoste, R. Coopman, H. Revets, S. Lauwers, M. Gillis, K. Kersters, and J. R. W. Govan, Occurrence of multiple genomovars of Burkholderia cepacia in cystic fi brosis patients and proposal of Burkholderia multivorans sp. nov, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 47, 1188–1200 (1997). (29) M. Gi l lis, T. Van, R. Bardin, M. Goor, P. Hebbar, A. Willems, P. Segers, K. Kersters, T. Heulin, and M. P. Fernandez, Polyphasic taxonomy in the genus Burkholderia leading to an emended description of the genus and proposition of Burkholderia vietnamiensis sp. nov. for N2-fi xing isolates from rice in Vietnam, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 45, 274–289 (1995). (30) W. H. Burkholder, Sour skin, a bacterial rot of onion bulbs, Phytopathology, 40, 115–117 (1950). (31) S. Sut ton and L. Jimenez, Microbiology-A review of reported recalls involving microbiological control 2004–2011 with emphasis on FDA considerations of “objectionable organisms”, Am. Pharmaceut. Rev., 15, 42 (2012). (32) Y. C . Chien, C. H. Liao, W. H. Sheng, J. Y. Chien, Y. T. Huang, C. J. Yu, and P. R. Hsueh, Clinical characteristics of bacteraemia caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex species and antimicrobial suscep- tibility of the isolates in a medical centre in Taiwan. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 51, 357–364 (2018). (33) G. W. Payne, P. Vandamme, S. H. Morgan, J. J. Lipuma, T. Coenye, Weightman A. J., T. Hefi n-Jones, and E. Mahenthiralingam, Development of a recA gene-based identifi cation approach for the entire burkholderia genus, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71, 3917 (2005). (34) A. B a l dwin, E. Mahenthiralingam, K. M. Thickett, D. Honeybourne, M. C. Maiden, J. R. Govan, D. P. Speert, J. J. LiPuma, P. Vandamme, and C. G. Dowson, Multilocus sequence typing scheme that pro- vides both species and strain differentiation for the Burkholderia cepacia complex, J. Clin. Microbiol., 43, 4665–4673 (2005). (35) T. Sp i lker, A. Baldwin, A. Bumford, C. G. Dowson, E. Mahenthiralingam, and J. J. Lipuma, Expanded multilocus sequence typing for Burkholderia species, J. Clin. Microbiol., 47, 2607–2610 (2009). (36) H. Ro s e, A. Baldwin, C. G. Dowson, and E. Mahenthiralingam, Biocide susceptibility of the Burkhold- eria cepacia complex, J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 63, 502–510 (2009). (37) L. Fe r nández, E. B. M. Breidenstein, and R. E. W. Hancock, Creeping baselines and adaptive resistance to antibiotics, Drug Resist. Updates, 14, 1–21 (2011). (38) E. Mah e nthiralingam, J. Bischof, S. K. Byrne, C. Radomski, J. E. Davies, Y. Av-Gay, and P. Vandamme, DNA-based diagnostic approaches for identifi cation of Burkholderia cepacia complex, Burkholderia vietna- miensis, Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia stabilis, and Burkholderia cepacia genomovars I and III, J. Clin. Microbiol., 38, 3165–3173 (2000). (39) K. A. J olley and M. C. Maiden, BIGSdb: scalable analysis of bacterial genome variation at the popula- tion level, BMC Bioinf., 11, 595 (2010). (40) M. Pér i amé, J. M. Pagès, and A. Davin-Regli, Enterobacter gergoviae adaptation to preservatives com- monly used in cosmetic industry, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 36(4), 386–395 (2014). (41) G . Y. Lars en, T. L. Stull, and J. L. Burns, Marked phenotypic variability in Pseudomonas cepacia isolated from a patient with cystic fi brosis, J. Clin. Microbiol., 31, 788–792 (1993).