THE MEDAL AWARD 101 R. and D. by all industrial firms in 1960 was $10.5 billion, of which 3.6 per cent went for basic research, according to the National Science Founda- tion (8). Putting together various estimates, we may be justified in setting a figure of roughly $100 million a year as the current expenditure for basic research in the life sciences and another $100 million a year for other basic chemical research. The indications are that the volume of such basic research will continue to rise, as it has during the entire post-war period. As the volume of scientific literature expands, the problem of keeping abreast of it will become more acute. Every laboratory will need a staff of literature experts to screen out and condense the pertinent reports. It is fortunate that the cosmetic industry can benefit from much of th• data uncovered in today's large-scale research effort, for the $2 billion a year cosmetic business can support only a modest expenditure for research, in comparison with the stupendous figures mentioned above. We can, by alert attention to work in neighboring fields, uncover many ideas for use in solving our own problems. Many signs point, however, to the likelihood of expanded programs of basic research within the laboratories of the cosmetic industry in th• coming years. The continual demand for products of unique efficacy will best be met by intensive investigation to uncover new data not avail- able from other sources. Many firms are learning that the best way to arrive at something really new is via serious work in their own laboratories. I predict that thirty-five years hence, barring nuclear catastrophe, re- search in the cosmetic industry will be on a scale surpassing that now in vogue in the drug and chemical industries. Legislation which appears to be imminent threatens to seal the doom of the small cosmetic manufacturer. Such legislation would demand pretesting, control, and record keeping too formidable for any small company. Such increased technical overhead will be burdensome to manufacturers of all sizes, and may tempt some to seek relief by cutting their research budgets. The press of competition will, however, insure that research effort will soon resume its upward trend. Research person- nel in the drug industry rose by 18 per cent during the two-year period 1960-1961 (9). Possibly cooperative research into more scientific means of safety test- ing may be undertaken under the auspices of the Toilet Goods Association. This would be a natural extension of the services now rendered by the Scientific Director of T.G.A. in supervising the pharmacological testing of dyes and in issuing standards for methods of testing ingredients. Many other problems of common interest to cosmetic manufacturers could well be studied by similar cooperative methods, rather than by the duplicated effort• o•f many laboratories.

102 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS Most prophets agree that thirty-five years hence the population will include a much larger proportion of people in higher age groups than now. This should be the almost inevitable result of the billion-dollar,a year study of health problems. One major goal of the cosmetic chemist is to develop products which will more effectively combat, counteract, or dis- guise the effects of age on the individual's appearance. When the problems of prolonging life have been largely solved, more effort can be concentrated on the means of preserving attractiveness in the later years. The cosmetic chemist therefore has every reason to look upon the future with optimism. The trend appears to be toward more demand for cos- metic products, more insistence upon the novel and exclusive features which can best be perfected by basic research, and a general need for more technical services. A new era for cosmetic chemistry may well be dawning. REVEV. E•CES (1) Chem. Eng. News, July 23, 35 (1962). (2) Ibid., Oct. 1, 39 (1962). (3) Ibid., June 25, 28 (1962). (4) Greenberg, D. S., Science, 138, 417 (1962). (5) Chem. Eng. News, Jan. 27, 38 (1958). (6) Oil, Paint Drug Reptr., Oct. 2, 4 (1961). (7) Ibid., Jan. 1, 19 (1962). (8) Ibid., Oct. 2, 51 (1961). (9) Ibid., Oct. 29, 26 (1962).