47 Hyaluronic acidCID waterATER bindingINDING
(6) Liu K, Nassim J. Accessed 12/28/2023. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-hype-on-hyaluronic
-acid-2020012318653.
(7) Schroeder R. SkinSchool: everything you really need to know about hyaluronic acid [blog post].
Accessed 12/28/2023. https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/beauty/g28434515/best-hyaluronic-acid-
serum/ 11/07/2023.
(8) Driver G. What is hyaluronic acid and how does it work? [blog post]. Accessed 12/28/2023. https://www.
elle.com/uk/beauty/skin/a35378/what-is-hyaluronic-acid-and-how-does-it-work/ 06/22/2022.
(9) Sutherland IW. Novel and established applications of microbial polysaccharides. Trends Biotechnol.
1998 16(1):41–46. doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(97)01139-6
(10) Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, et al. Final report of the safety assessment of hyaluronic acid, potassium
hyaluronate, and sodium hyaluronate. Int J Toxicol. 2009 28(4)(suppl):5–67. doi:10.1177/1091581809337738
(11) Jegasothy SM, Zabolotniaia V, Bielfeldt S. Efficacy of a new topical nano-hyaluronic acid in humans.
J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014 7(3):27–29.
(12) Olejnik A, Goscianska J, Nowak I. Significance of hyaluronic acid in cosmetic industry and aesthetic
medicine. Chemik. 2012 66:129–135.
(13) Joshi HN, Topp EM. Hydration in hyaluronic acid and its esters using differential scanning calorimetry.
Int J Pharm. 1992 80(1-3):213–225. doi:10.1016/0378-5173(92)90279-B
(14) Taweechat P, Pandey RB, Sompornpisut P. Conformation, flexibility and hydration of hyaluronic acid by
molecular dynamics simulations. Carbohydr Res. 2020 493:108026. doi:10.1016/j.carres.2020.108026
(15) Ikada Y, Suzuki M, Iwata H. Water in mucopolysaccharides. ACS Symp Ser. 1980 127:287–305.
doi:10.1021/bk-1980-0127.ch017
(16) Yoshida H, Hatakeyama T, Hatakeyama H. Characterization of water in polysaccharide hydrogels by
DSC. J Therm Anal. 1993 40(2):483–489. doi:10.1007/BF02546617
(17) Mlčoch T, Kučerík J. Hydration and drying of various polysaccharides studied using DSC. J Therm Anal
Calorim. 2013 113(3):1177–1185. doi:10.1007/s10973-013-2946-1
(18) Prušová A, Smejkalová D, Chytil M, Velebný V, Kučerík J. An alternative DSC approach to study
hydration of hyaluronan. Carbohydr Polym. 2010 82(2):498–503. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.05.022
(19) Liu J, Cowman MK. Thermal analysis of semi-dilute hyaluronan solutions. J Therm Anal Calorim.
2000 59(1/2):547–557. doi:10.1023/A:1010114213475
(20) Davies A, Gormally J, Wyn-Jones E, Wedlock DJ, Phillips GO. A study of factors influencing hydration
of sodium hyaluronate from compressibility and high-precision densimetric measurements. Biochem J.
1983 213(2):363–369. doi:10.1042/bj2130363
(21) Jouon N, Rinaudo M, Milas M, Desbrières J. Hydration of hyaluronic acid as a function of the counterion
type and relative humidity. Carbohydr Polym. 1995 26(1):69–73. doi:10.1016/0144-8617(95)98837-7
(22) Ogston AG, Stanier JE. On the state of hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid. Biochem J. 1950 46(3):364–376.
doi:10.1042/bj0460364.
(23) Ogston AG, Stanier JE. The dimensions of the particle of hyaluronic acid complex in synovial fluid.
Biochem J. 1951 49(5):585–590. doi:10.1042/bj0490585.
(24) Ogston AG, Stanier JE. Further observations on the preparation and composition of the hyaluronic acid
complex of ox synovial fluid. Biochem J. 1952 52(1):149–156. doi:10.1042/bj0520149.
(25) Ogston AG, Stanier JE. Composition and properties of hyaluronic acid complex of ox synovial fluid.
Discuss Faraday Soc. Faraday Society. 1953 13:275–280. doi:10.1039/df9531300275
(26) Blumberg BS, Ogston AG. Physicochemical studies on hyaluronic acids. In: Wolstenholme
GEW, O’Connor M, eds. Chemistry and Biology of Mucopolysaccharides. Little, Brown 1958:22–41.
doi:10.1002/9780470719060.ch3
(27) Ogston AG. On water binding. Fed Proc. 1966 25(3):986–989.
(28) Dong Q, Guo X, Li L, et al. Understanding hyaluronic acid induced variation of water structure by near-
infrared spectroscopy. Sci Rep. 2020 10(1):1387. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58417-5
(6) Liu K, Nassim J. Accessed 12/28/2023. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-hype-on-hyaluronic
-acid-2020012318653.
(7) Schroeder R. SkinSchool: everything you really need to know about hyaluronic acid [blog post].
Accessed 12/28/2023. https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/beauty/g28434515/best-hyaluronic-acid-
serum/ 11/07/2023.
(8) Driver G. What is hyaluronic acid and how does it work? [blog post]. Accessed 12/28/2023. https://www.
elle.com/uk/beauty/skin/a35378/what-is-hyaluronic-acid-and-how-does-it-work/ 06/22/2022.
(9) Sutherland IW. Novel and established applications of microbial polysaccharides. Trends Biotechnol.
1998 16(1):41–46. doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(97)01139-6
(10) Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, et al. Final report of the safety assessment of hyaluronic acid, potassium
hyaluronate, and sodium hyaluronate. Int J Toxicol. 2009 28(4)(suppl):5–67. doi:10.1177/1091581809337738
(11) Jegasothy SM, Zabolotniaia V, Bielfeldt S. Efficacy of a new topical nano-hyaluronic acid in humans.
J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014 7(3):27–29.
(12) Olejnik A, Goscianska J, Nowak I. Significance of hyaluronic acid in cosmetic industry and aesthetic
medicine. Chemik. 2012 66:129–135.
(13) Joshi HN, Topp EM. Hydration in hyaluronic acid and its esters using differential scanning calorimetry.
Int J Pharm. 1992 80(1-3):213–225. doi:10.1016/0378-5173(92)90279-B
(14) Taweechat P, Pandey RB, Sompornpisut P. Conformation, flexibility and hydration of hyaluronic acid by
molecular dynamics simulations. Carbohydr Res. 2020 493:108026. doi:10.1016/j.carres.2020.108026
(15) Ikada Y, Suzuki M, Iwata H. Water in mucopolysaccharides. ACS Symp Ser. 1980 127:287–305.
doi:10.1021/bk-1980-0127.ch017
(16) Yoshida H, Hatakeyama T, Hatakeyama H. Characterization of water in polysaccharide hydrogels by
DSC. J Therm Anal. 1993 40(2):483–489. doi:10.1007/BF02546617
(17) Mlčoch T, Kučerík J. Hydration and drying of various polysaccharides studied using DSC. J Therm Anal
Calorim. 2013 113(3):1177–1185. doi:10.1007/s10973-013-2946-1
(18) Prušová A, Smejkalová D, Chytil M, Velebný V, Kučerík J. An alternative DSC approach to study
hydration of hyaluronan. Carbohydr Polym. 2010 82(2):498–503. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.05.022
(19) Liu J, Cowman MK. Thermal analysis of semi-dilute hyaluronan solutions. J Therm Anal Calorim.
2000 59(1/2):547–557. doi:10.1023/A:1010114213475
(20) Davies A, Gormally J, Wyn-Jones E, Wedlock DJ, Phillips GO. A study of factors influencing hydration
of sodium hyaluronate from compressibility and high-precision densimetric measurements. Biochem J.
1983 213(2):363–369. doi:10.1042/bj2130363
(21) Jouon N, Rinaudo M, Milas M, Desbrières J. Hydration of hyaluronic acid as a function of the counterion
type and relative humidity. Carbohydr Polym. 1995 26(1):69–73. doi:10.1016/0144-8617(95)98837-7
(22) Ogston AG, Stanier JE. On the state of hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid. Biochem J. 1950 46(3):364–376.
doi:10.1042/bj0460364.
(23) Ogston AG, Stanier JE. The dimensions of the particle of hyaluronic acid complex in synovial fluid.
Biochem J. 1951 49(5):585–590. doi:10.1042/bj0490585.
(24) Ogston AG, Stanier JE. Further observations on the preparation and composition of the hyaluronic acid
complex of ox synovial fluid. Biochem J. 1952 52(1):149–156. doi:10.1042/bj0520149.
(25) Ogston AG, Stanier JE. Composition and properties of hyaluronic acid complex of ox synovial fluid.
Discuss Faraday Soc. Faraday Society. 1953 13:275–280. doi:10.1039/df9531300275
(26) Blumberg BS, Ogston AG. Physicochemical studies on hyaluronic acids. In: Wolstenholme
GEW, O’Connor M, eds. Chemistry and Biology of Mucopolysaccharides. Little, Brown 1958:22–41.
doi:10.1002/9780470719060.ch3
(27) Ogston AG. On water binding. Fed Proc. 1966 25(3):986–989.
(28) Dong Q, Guo X, Li L, et al. Understanding hyaluronic acid induced variation of water structure by near-
infrared spectroscopy. Sci Rep. 2020 10(1):1387. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58417-5
