88 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS COSMETICS Undoubtedly, in cosmetics, the deodorizing properties of chlorophyll de- rivatives are of utmost importance. It only remains now, to point out which derivatives are most efficacious, their compatibilities, and the special formulations most effective in the various cosmetics. CHEWING GUM Chewing gum presently consumes the largegt volume of chlorophyll deriv- atives. The material of preference is sodium potassium copper chlorophyl- lin (mainly the sodium and potassium salts of the copper complexes of chlorins and rhodins) since it is quite stable and available in a high state of purity and sufficient volume. It is very effective for deodorization when applied in the sugar coating but the material is not too effective when incor- porated directly in the gum mass. Sodium potassium copper chlorophyllin is most effective for oral deodorization in amounts of four to five milligrams or more [Harrisson, J. W. E., et aL, "A Practical Evaluation of Chlorophyll in Controlling Breath Odors," J. Soe. COSMETIC CHEM., 4, 9-32 (1953)]. DENTIFRICES Toothpaste and toothpowders are the next largest users of chlorophyll derivatives. Here again, the sodium potassium copper chlorophyllin of a high purity is the preferred material. Effective, satisfactory oral deodor- ization necessitates the use of 0.1 to 0.2 per cent. The formulations pres- ently used by dentifrice manufacturers are so varied that no simple discus- sion of compatibilities can be given here. It will suffice to point out that the chlorophyllin must be released in the mouth in water-soluble form if it is to be most effective. Many of the commonly used abrasives, fillers, and cleaning agents employed tend to reduce the effectiveness of the chlorophyl- lins. Special analytical methods often are necessary before assay data can be relied on. BODY DEODORANT TABLETS A number of these products contain "specially prepared chlorophyllins." The superiority of any of these materials over sodium potassium copper chlorophyllin has not been clearly demonstrated. True chlorophyllin, i.e., the sodium potassium magnesium chlorophyllin, is often used, as are some of the iron chlorophyllins. MouT• WAS•ES Mouth washes generally contain a relatively high alcohol content and thus require the use of alcohol-soluble chlorophyll derivatives. The com- mercial preparation of this alcohol-soluble derivative involves secret and

CHLOROPHYLL IN COSMETICS 89 special processes. The products are almost invariably "tailor-made" to fit the product. A mixture of commercial chlorine and rhodin g is one form of alcohol-soluble chlorophyll, but it is entirely unsuitable for most uses as its deodorization power is quite low. COLOGNE STICKS Most of these products contain insufficient chlorophyllin to be very ef- fective. This is probably due to the lack of' information •r'dgarding the availability oftalcohol-soluble chlorophyll and the staining action of green derivatives. The water-soluble ch16•Ophylb derivatives can be used in most of these products. Rubbing al•ot•ols may'•ontain'as much as 50 mg. chlorophyllin per 100 ml. before noticeable staining. COLOGNE The information previously given, concerning mouth washes and cologne sticks can also be applied to colognes. TOILET SOAPS AND SHAMPOOS One of the oldest and most legitimate uses for chlorophyll derivatives is that of coloring soaps. Both the oil-soluble and the water-soluble copper chlorophyll derivatives are used. Chlorophyll produces a green soap with a minimmn of mottling. In most cases insufficient chlorophyll is used to effect proper deodorization. Larger amounts are undoubtedly effective. SUN TAN PREPARATIONS The light absorption properties of the presently available chlorophyll derivatives unfortunately do not meet the requirements for these products. However, by combining red dyes with green chlorophyllins, very satisfac- tory "tans" are produced. The healing action of chlorophyllin also is of importance in these preparations. UNDERARM PREPARATIONS It is difficult to incorporate enough chlorophyllins in this type product to be very effective without staining. Research designed to overcome this difficulty is presently under way. Certain calcium derivatives may prove to be satisfactory, such as those used in dusting powders and which, al- though insoluble, exhibit deodorant action. HAIR OILS AND POMADES Oil-soluble chlorophyll derivatives have been used in this type prepara- tion for a number of years. Chlorophyll's dyeing action is important in these preparations.