JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 10 In contrast, the Tewameter measurements showed a decreased level, with the lowest value measured 4 h after application to the product-treated area (Figure 1). In addition, all the differences from baseline were signifi cant in the statistical analysis (p 0.05), and for the untreated area, no signifi cant changes were found during the 8-h test period. For the Sebumeter measurements on the untreated area, an increased level was found dur- ing the 8-h time, which may have resulted from the spontaneous physiological secretion of sebum on the facial skin after washing. On the area treated with products, the Sebume- ter measurements indicated a decreased level 4 h and 8 h after product application (Figure 1), and the differences to baseline were signifi cant in the statistical analysis (p 0.05). KINETICS TESTS ON THE LAST DAY Similarly, for the areas treated with products on the last day, the Corneometer measure- ments gave an increased level (Figure 2), whereas both the Tewameter and the Sebumeter measurements exhibited a decreased level, except for the Sebumeter measurement after 2 h of treatment. The differences from baseline were signifi cant in the statistical analysis (p 0.05), except for the Sebumeter measurement after 4 h of treatment. Additionally, the measurements exhibited plateau characteristics, with no typically peak values after 2, 4, and 8 h of treatment, except for the Sebumeter measurement after 2 h of treatment. Figure 1. Measurement difference between product-treated area and untreated area after 0, 2, 4, and 8 h of treatment on the fi rst day. Data are shown as mean ± SD and the asterisk (*) indicates a statistically signifi - cant difference from the baseline (p 0.05).

MOISTURIZING/ANTI-SEBUM EFFECTS ON SKIN 11 THREE-WEEK TESTS For the three-week Corneometer, Tewameter, and Sebumeter measurements, we did not determine an untreated area on the cheeks. However, the volunteers applied the products on both cheeks, upon considering that use of cosmetics on the untreated area was not per- mitted for three weeks, which has caused diffi culties for some subjects, especially for those 25 to 34 years old. However, we had some results tested on the subjects’ forearms used as the untreated areas, and there were no signifi cant changes on the skin surface for the three measurements during the three-week period. In addition, we can expect that with no cos- metics applied on the facial skin, dry and uncomfortable feelings should appear on those young women’s facial skin, especially in Beijing, a very dry and windy city in China. On the cheek area treated with products, the Corneometer measurements gave an in- creased level during the three-week period (Figure 3). However, the Tewameter and the Sebumeter measurements showed a decreased level. All the differences from baseline were signifi cant in the statistical analysis for the three measurements (p 0.05). SUBJECTS’ FEELINGS ABOUT THE EFFECT OF THE PRODUCTS Except for the instrument measurements, there were similar improvement results at- tained from the subjects’ feelings refl ected in a questionnaire (Table I). The subjective Figure 2. Measurement difference between product-treated area and untreated area after 0, 2, 4, and 8 h of treatment on the last day. Data are shown as mean ± SD and the asterisk (*) indicates statistically signifi cant difference from the baseline (p 0.05).