ANTIOXIDANT POWER OF DERMOCOSMETIC CREAMS 89 effective global antioxidant power of dermocosmetic creams. The protocol allowed a simple, rapid, precise and direct determination of the redox properties of eleven anti­ oxidant-containing or antioxidant-free creams without any pretreatment of the sample. The method made it also possible to highlight the evolution of the antioxidant capacity under oxidative stress. This preliminary study gives opportunity to further develop the method in a way to quantitatively determine the cream antioxidant titer. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Sophie Chenoy, Marlene Delaunois, Caroline Tressens, and Marianne Vila from Centre de Recherche Dermo-cosmetique Pierre Fabre for their advice in cosmetic formulation. We also thank Jean-Pierre Lafaille from the Laboratoire de Genie Chimique for his technical assistance. REFERENCES (1) P. U. Giacomoni, L. Declercq, L. Hellemans, and D. Maes, Aging of human skin: Review of a mechanistic model and first experimental data, IUBMB Life, 49, 259-263 (2000). (2) A. Favier, Le stress oxydant: Interet de sa mise en evidence en biologic medicale et problemes poses par le choix d'un margueur, Ann. Biol. Clin., 55, 9-16 (1997). (3) W. A. Pryor, Oxy-radicals and related species: Their formation, lifetimes and reactions, Ann. Rev. Physiol., 48, 657-667 (1986). (4) M. S. Reisch, Turning back the clock, Chem. Eng. News, 6, 15-19 (2000). (5) A. R. Cross and 0. T. G. Jones, Enzymic mechanisms of superoxide production, Biochirn. Biophys. Acta, 1057, 281-298 (1991). (6) B. Halliwell and J. M. C. Gutteridge, Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989). (7) B. Halliwell, Reactive oxygen species in living systems: Source, biochemistry and role in human disease, Arn. J. Med., 91, 14S-22S (1991). (8) J. J. Thiele, F. Dreher, and L. Packer, Antioxidant defense systems in skin, J. Toxicol., Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol., 21, 119-160 (2002). (9) A. Bast, G. R. M. M. Haenen, and C. J. A. Doelman, Oxidants and antioxidants: State of the art, Arn. j. Med., 91, 2S-13S (1991). (10) H. Sies, Oxidative stress: From basic research to clinical application, Arn.]. Med., 91, 31S-38S (1991). (11) B. Halliwell and S. Chirico, Lipid peroxidation: Its mechanism, measurement, and significance, Arn. j. Clin. Nutr., 57, 715S-725S (1993). (12) C. G. Cochrane, Cellular injury by oxidants, Arn. J. Med., 91, 23S-30S (1991). (13) R. L. Prior and G. Cao, In vivo total antioxidant capacity: Comparison of different analytical methods, Free Rad. Biol. Med., 27, 1173-1181 (1999). (14) C. A. Rice-Evans, Measurement of total antioxidant activity as a marker of antioxidant status in vivo: Procedures and limitations, Free Rad. Res., 33, S59-S66 (2000). (15) A. Janaszewska and G. Bartosz, Assay of total antioxidant capacity: Comparison of four methods as applied to human blood plasma, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 62, 231-236 (2002). (16) M.A. M. Shehata, S. M. Tawakkol, and L. E. A. Fattah, Colorimetric and fluorimetric methods for determination of panthenol in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulation,]. Pharrn. Biorned. Anal., 27, 729-735 (2002). (17) S. Chevion and M. Chevion, Antioxidant status and human health: Use of cyclic voltammetry for the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of plasma and of edible plants, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 899, 308-325 (2000). (18) E. I. Korotkova, Y. A. Karbainov, and A. V. Shevchuk, Study of antioxidant properties by voltam­ metry,J. Electroanal. Chern., 518, 56-60 (2002). (19) P.A. Kilmartin, H. Zou, and A. L. Waterhouse, A cyclic voltammetry method suitable for charac­ terizing antioxidant properties of wine and wine phenolics,j. Agr. Food Chern., 49, 1957-1965 (2001).
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