STUDIES ON PERSPIRATION 73 TABLE 1--DURATION OF LOCAL PERSPIRATION INDUCED BY A FEW PARASYMPATHICOMIMETIO DRUGS Drug Dose Average Time Acetylcholine 2.10 -6 Mole 30 min. Pilocarpine " 2 hours 40 min. Mecholyl " 12 " Dilvasene " 36 " Doryl " 47 " system can be examined in the following manner. An iontophoresis of the drug to be examined is made on a large surface of skin, then at regular intervals pilocarpine is introduced in order to induce perspiration. By means of the Prussian blue paper test subsequently applied, it can be noted whether there is an inhibition or a decrease of local perspiration (see Table 2). TABLE 2--DURATION OF ANTISECRETORY ACTION OF A FEW PARASYMPATHICOLYTIC DRUGS Drug Dose Total Inhibition of Local Perspiration (Average Time) Prantal 2.10-6 Mole/9 cm. 2 Probanthine .... Antrenyl .... Attopine .... Scopolamine .... 15 rainß 2 hours 12 " 19 " 30 " To evaluate antiperspirants acting by local application as, for example, aluminum salts, the following procedure is carried out. The solution to be examined is applied twice a day for three days on the arm, then on the fourth day a local perspiration is induced by iontophoresis of pilocarpine on the treated site and on a symmetrical site as control. The Prussian blue test is applied and the intensity of color of both papers is compared. The same procedure is followed for the axilla, palm of the hand and sole of the foot, but the Ping-pong test and the bromophenol blue TABI, E 3 Reducing or Inhib- Number iting Effect (on Con- Wetting of Perspiration Induced centr. pH Agent Cases by Pilocarpine) AICl, Mol. 1.8-2 AI(NO,), Mol. 2.6 A12(SO4), Mol. 1.8-2 Al-acetotartrate 10% 3 MgCI.. Mol. 1.8-2 Phosphotungstic acid Satur. 0.8-1 Sulfosalicylic acid 10% 0.8-1 Tannic acid 10% 2.7-3 1% Triton X 100 33 Good id. 5 Good id. 6 None id. 5 Bad id. 8 Middle 6 None ß . . 1% Triton X 100 4 None 0.5% Aerosol OT 3 None

74 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS paper, respectively being used. For these studies the normal perspiration is generally sufficiently abundant, thus precluding the need for pilocarpine. The effect on the arm of various solutions, such as aluminum or magnesium salts, or drugs known to coagulate proteins, has been studied. It can be seen in Table 3 that aluminum chloride and aluminum nitrate are the only drugs acting on the sweat secretion, while magnesium chloride acts only to a certain extent. Solutions of aluminum chloride with or without a wetting agent were compared in the axilla. A significant influence of the wetting agent on the effect of the drug was noted (2). PROTECTIVE ROLE OF THE SEBACEOUS LAYER (9) By a similar procedure, experiments can be carried out showing the protective role of the sebaceous layer. If an aluminum chloride solution without a wetting agent is applied on a site cleaned by means of ether Action of AIC! 3 solution on the skin [degreased and not degreased] cases 10 cases Figure 5.