118 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Copolymers Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was too soluble in water to prepare films with water resistance. The PVP/vinyl acetate copolymers had less water solubility but still produced films with low water resistance. It was also noted that, in many cases, the tackiness of a PVP film was increased by plasticizers. Polyvinyl Methyl Ether aud Copolymer The low molecular weight grades of polyvinyl methyl ether pro- duced very sticky solutions with water. Therefore they were not suitable for the preparation of a film-forming concentrate. Polyvinyl methyl ether maleic anhydride copolymers, Gantrez AN©, * have good adhesive properties. However, films prepared with Gantrez AN alone were brittle, and those prepared with plasticizers were tacky and lacked strength sufficient to meet bandage requirements. Acrylic Polymers Acrylic polymers include polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, their salts, and copolymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid with other monomers. One specific feature of these resins is that the vis- cosity of their water solutions is affected by the pH, the degree of ionization of the resins, the kind and amount of counterion, the con- centration of the polymer in solution, and the molecular arrangement of the resins. Rhoplex©$. resins thicken when the pH is increased and produce films which are generally sticky. The excellent strength and water-resistance of the film prepared from acrylic polymers indicate a good prospect for further study of concentrates containing some of these materials. The odors of these materials can be partially masked by the use of various cover odors. Ethylene Oxide Polymers The very high molecular weight (20,000 to 7,000,000) ethylene oxide polymers, Polyox,©$ are a fairly new class of synthetic water-soluble resins. Strong agitation during the preparation of aqueous solutions * Gantrez AN, a product of General Aniline and Film Corporation, New York, N. Y. t Rhoplex, a product of the Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pa. :• Polyox, a product of Union Carbide Chemicals Corporation, New York, N.Y.

AQUEOUS TOPICAL ADHESIVES TABLE I Summary of Aerosol Concentrate Evaluations 119 Adherence Water Resin Strength Flexibility (hrs.) Tackiness Resistance Polyvinyl alcohol Fair Good 1-5 None Poor Polyvinyl acetate Fair Fair 24 None Good Polyvinylpyrrolidone Poor Poor 15-24 Tacky or Poor brittle Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl Poor Poor 15-24 None Poor acetate Polyvinyl methyl ether/ Poor Poor 24 Tacky Good maleic anhydride Acrylic polymer Good Excellent 24 Tacky Good Ethylene oxide polymer Poor Good 15-20 None Poor Polyvinyl alcohol/acrylic Good Excellent 24 Slightly Excellent polymer Polyvinyl acetate/acrylic Good Good 24 None Excellent polymer TABLE II Formulations of Concentrates Containing Acrylic Polymers and Polyvinyl Alcohol or Polyvinyl Acetate • Formula No. Polyvinyl Polyvinyl Acetate Acrylic Polymers b----- Alcohol ( 54.5 % Plasticizer 46% 38% (Elvanol Gelva (Formal- Rhoplex B-5 Rhoplex B-85 51•05) • TS-71) b dehyde) 74-1 85 mi. 10 mi. 5.7 g .... 2.3 mi. 76-2 85 ml. 10 mi. 11.4 g .... 4.6 ml. 79-3 85 mi. 10 ml .... 21 ml. 2.3 ml. 81-4 85 ml. 10 ml .... 30 ml. 5.0 ml. Sufficient solvent was added to make 142 ml. For identification of commercial products, see text. Elvanol, a product of E. I. du Pont, Wilmington, Delaware. may cause cleavage of the linear polymer. A slow permanent loss of viscosity occurred, and a white precipitate developed on aging of con- centrates prepared with these resins. The evaluation results of films obtained from various water-soluble resins are summarized in Table I. The viscosities and the drying times of the preparations do not appear, as they are dependent upon the con- centration of the resins and can usually be controlled. From this table it is apparent that a concentrate prepared with a single resin cannot meet all of the requirements of a spray-on bandage, but mixtures of