16 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS chambers with Webril © were applied to the upper arms of 10 panelists for 24 hours. One set was removed at the end of 24 hours and weighed. The panelists swam or relaxed in a swimming pool for 20 minutes. After toweling dry, the remaining set of patches was removed and weighed. This procedure was repeated in the same panelists for three consecutive days. The mean changes in weight in milligrams and the standard deviation for the panelists are shown below in Table II. Table II Mean Weight Changes (mg) and Standard Deviations of HTC and Webril © Before and After Swimming Tape Type* (N = 30) M S L D Before After Before After Before After Before After (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) X 8.6 288 9.8 140 8.9 178 12.9 54 SD 9.3 145 7.1 148 7.7 182 9.9 123 *M = Ultrapore © S = SCANPOR © L = DERMILITE II © D = Durapore © Durapore © proved superior to the other three tapes in preventing significant water uptake and was used in Experiments III and IV. There apparently was a somewhat greater water uptake during swimming than during showering (see Experiment I). Also, as implied by the standard deviations (SD), the variability of water uptake proved to be a function of the adhesive properties of the four tapes used in these two experiments rather than the inherent occlusivity of the chamber. EXPERIMENT III--SHOWERING AND SAMPLE MIGRATION This experiment was designed to provide further information on the occlusive properties of the chamber. Six panelists wore two patches each for 24 hours. One set of patches was moistened with 0.3 ml of 0.3% aqueous sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) solution, and the other set was moistened with 0.3 ml of aqueous red food coloring. The latter set was designed to provide visual evidence of sample migration. The patches were weighed before application and again upon removal after 24 hours. The patches containing SLS showed an average loss of 49 mg, and the patches containing the food coloring showed an average loss of 61 mg as shown below in Table III. The difference of 12 mg (approximately 4% of the quantity added to the chamber) was not significant. There was no visual evidence of outward migrations hence, the loss was considered to be the result of dermal absorption. In addition, another group of five panelists wore duplicate HTC patches containing (a) 0.3 ml of an alcoholic red food coloring solution and (b) aqueous red food coloring for 48 hours for a total of four patches per panelists. The chambers and Webril © were weighed prior to application. At the end of 48 hours one set was removed and weighed. The panelists showered and the remaining chambers were removed and weighed. The chambers removed prior to showering showed an average weight loss of 115 mg for the ethanol solution and 83 mg for the aqueous solution. The patches removed after

PATCH TEST SYTSEM 17 Table III Weight Changes (rag) and Standard Deviation (SD) of HTC Containing 0.3 ml of 0.3% Aqueous Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) or 0.3 ml of Aqueous Red Food Coloring After a 24-hour Application SLS Food Color Weight (rag) Weight (rag) Panelist No. Initial Final Change (rag) Initial Final Change (rag) 1 896 845 --51 893 868 --25 2 911 865 --46 897 831 --66 3 900 873 --27 898 813' --85 4 894 828 --66 922 866 --56 5 901 840 --61 921 822 --99 6 906 864 --42 912 877 --35 -- X 901 852 --49 907 846 -61 SD 6.3 17.4 14.0 12.8 27.3 28.4 showering showed an average weight loss of 85 mg for the ethanol solution and 30 mg for the aqueous solution as shown below in Table IV. Table IV Weight Changes (mg) and Standard Deviation (SD) of HTC Containing 0.3 ml of Alcoholic or Aqueous Red Food Coloring After a 48-Hour Application Alcoholic Solution Before Shower After Shower Panelist No. Initial Final Change Initial Final Change 1 866 769 --97 884 877 --7 2 883 720 --163 877 762 -- 115 3 869 789 --80 864 805 --59 4 872 742 --130 868 780 --88 5 868 766 --102 869 714 --155 -- X 872 757 --115 872 788 -85 SD 6.7 26.7 32.6 8.0 60.1 56.1 Aqueous Solution 1 902 846 --56 888 904 16 2 891 778 --113 895 896 1 3 896 862 --34 819 797 --22 4 892 828 --64 907 877 --30 5 869 723 --146 853 739 --114 -- X 890 807 83 872 843 --30 SD 12.5 56.8 45.7 36.0 71.8 50.5 In a comparison of the data from the 24-hour application with data from the 48-hour application, it was apparent that the additional 24-hour application time resulted in more weight loss. Since the red food coloring did not migrate outward, the loss is through dermal absorption of water and alcohol. No direct comparison between the HTC and other patch systems as to outward migration of red food color was considered necessary. Our experiences had amply demonstrated to us that migration would occur in any of the nonchamber systems and that migration is particularly noticeable with organic solvents.