JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 74 It should be noted that the results of IC50 values in micrograms per milligram are physi- ologically relevant to lipstick application. The average woman uses 24 mg lipstick per day (40) therefore, the amounts of ACNs necessary to receive benefi ts against tyrosinase and other activities in cosmetic formulations could be delivered by these formulations. CONCLUSIONS Anthocyanins incorporated into lipstick formulations were shown to retain their tested biological activity in vitro. Under the conditions of this study, all formulations showed the ability to act as photoprotective additives through UV absorption, especially those with cinnamic acid acylation. The ACN formulations showed the capability to act as antioxidants, through scavenging of free radicals, in a lipstick matrix. In addition, the formulas showed profi cient tyrosinase inhibition, which is a well-known source of mela- nin formation in the skin. The combination of all these effects may be protective against Figu re 5. IC50 (μg/mg lipstick) against mushroom tyrosinase for ACN–lipstick formulations compared with kojic acid and the lipstick base. Results are presented as means (n = 8) ± SD. Signifi cant differences are de- noted by different letters above bars.

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