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J. Cosmet. Sci., 70, 77–88 (March/April 2019) 77 Natural Antimicrobials and Their Effect on the Microbial Population of the Skin Microbiome TIA ALKAZAZ, MAUREEN DANAHER, JENNIFER GOODMAN, MONICA BELTRAN, ERICA SEGURA, and DURANT SCHOLZ, Active Micro Technologies, Lincolnton, NC (T.A., M.D., J.G., M.B., E.S., D.S.) Accepted for publication February 28, 2019. INTRODUCTION The microbiome of every individual is as unique and distinct as their fi ngerprint. The skin microbiome is an accumulation of microbial communities that inhabit the skin and are key players in host defense. Commensal microfl ora on our skin is responsible for main- taining skin health through restoring immunity and communication with the lymphatic system (1). Indiscriminate microbial destruction, used by preservatives, often uninten- tionally alters the thriving ecosystem of the skin microbiome. The present innovative study investigates variations in the population of microbial species after the application of antimicrobial peptides. Our research analyzing the activity of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme has concluded that some naturally derived antimicrobials are able to destroy pathogenic bacteria while maintaining commensal microfl ora on the skin—supporting the balance of the microbiome and promoting overall skin health (2). HDAC expression was used as an indicator to compare the effects of the skin’s microbiome with traditional biocides versus natural antimicrobials. The application of topical antimicrobials altered the lev- els of HDAC expression and decreased the local population of the microbiome. Al- though this research suggested HDAC is the channel of communication between microfl ora and the skin, the messenger of the microbial cross talk has yet to be deter- mined. In this study, a more conventional approach was used to analyze the effects of the population of species in the skin microbiome. The effect of the microbial population present on the skin with the application of three antimicrobial peptides [Leuconostoc radish root ferment fi ltrate, Lactobacillus ferment, and Lactobacillus & Cocos nucifera Address all correspondence to Tia Alkazaz at falkazaz@activemicrotechnologies.com.