Table V HQ and HI of Metals in Cosmetics for Adults and Children S/N Sample identity As Pb Hg Cd Ni HI ADL CHL ADL CHL ADL CHL ADL CHL ADL CHL ADL CHL 1 BJ 7 d ND ND 2.89E-11 2.84E-11 9.84E-15 9.67E-16 3.36E-14 3.31E-14 6.28E-11 6.17E-11 9.17396E-11 9.01E-11 2 Tee Tee 3 d ND ND 4.9E-11 4.81E-11 ND ND 2.04E-13 2.01E-13 6.63E-11 6.51E-11 1.15469E-10 1.13E-10 3 Aquasulf 2.02E-12 1.99E-12 4.45E-11 4.37E-11 ND ND 2.21E-13 2.17E-13 9.15E-11 8.99E-11 1.38239E-10 1.36E-10 4 Skin Guard Aloe vera 1.52E-12 1.49E-12 4.82E-11 4.74E-11 ND ND 1.37E-13 1.35E-13 1.09E-10 1.07E-10 1.59188E-10 1.56E-10 5 Acrec way ND ND 1.8E-11 1.77E-11 ND ND 5.53E-14 5.43E-14 2.16E-10 2.12E-10 2.34114E-10 2.3E-10 6 Ceedym acne 2.53E-13 2.49E-13 3.03E-11 2.97E-11 ND ND ND ND 3.23E-11 3.18E-11 6.28538E-11 6.18E-11 7 Authentic herbal cream 1.26E-13 1.24E-13 1.53E-11 1.5E-11 9.84E-15 9.67E-16 ND ND 6.86E-11 6.74E-11 8.40483E-11 8.26E-11 8 Chioral restoration ND ND ND ND ND ND 2.68E-13 2.63E-13 ND ND 2.67575E-13 2.63E-13 9 Magic herb ND ND 2.85E-11 2.8E-11 ND ND ND ND 1.04E-10 1.02E-10 1.32591E-10 1.3E-10 10 Cyndy herb crystal 1.26E-13 1.24E-13 1.31E-11 1.29E-11 ND ND ND ND 4.69E-11 4.61E-11 6.01496E-11 5.91E-11 11 New Jerusalem 1.26E-13 1.24E-13 2.45E-11 2.41E-11 ND ND 4.81E-15 4.72E-15 2.93E-11 2.88E-11 5.39156E-11 5.3E-11 12 Dr Elechi omega 7 1.26E-13 1.24E-13 1.75E-11 1.72E-11 0 0 ND ND 1.96E-10 1.93E-10 2.1376E-10 2.1E-10 13 Grace palm herbal balm ND ND 7.3E-12 7.17E-12 9.84E-15 9.67E-16 ND ND 1.32E-10 1.29E-10 1.38985E-10 1.37E-10 14 Anti-wrinkles cream 2.53E-13 2.49E-13 3.61E-11 3.55E-11 ND ND 8.81E-15 8.66E-15 1.53E-10 1.5E-10 1.8951E-10 1.86E-10 15 Hip up cream ND ND 2.33E-11 2.29E-11 ND ND 2.4E-15 2.36E-15 5.89E-11 5.78E-11 8.21868E-11 8.07E-11 16 Hand D cream ND ND 1.19E-11 1.16E-11 ND ND 8.01E-16 7.87E-16 9.38E-11 9.22E-11 1.05671E-10 1.04E-10 17 Heel balm 1.26E-13 1.24E-13 4.83E-12 4.74E-12 ND ND 4.01E-15 3.94E-15 2.74E-11 2.69E-11 3.23465E-11 3.18E-11 18 Lip balm feel ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 7.4E-11 7.27E-11 7.39844E-11 7.27E-11 19 Deep relief ND ND 2.42E-11 2.38E-11 ND ND ND ND 3.25E-11 3.19E-11 5.67555E-11 5.58E-11 20 Candy anti-spot ND ND 1.1E-11 1.08E-11 9.84E-15 9.67E-16 ND ND 2.26E-11 2.22E-11 3.36321E-11 3.3E-11 CHL: children (body weight = 15 kg), ADL: adults (body weight = 70 kg), As: arsenic, Pb: lead, Hg: mercury, Cd: cadmium, Ni: nickel. JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 436

RISK ASSESSMENT OF METALS AND METALLOIDS IN COSMETIC IN NIGERIA 437 The THQ for Pb, Hg, Cd, and Ni was 9.84E-15–0 and 9.67E-16–0, 4.83E-12–4.90E-11 and 4.74E-12–4.81E-11, 9.38E-16–2.68E-13 and 9.22E-16–2.63E-13, and 2.26E- 11–1.96E-10 and 2.22E-11–1.93E-10 for adults and children, respectively. HI range was 2.67E-13–2.34E-10 and 2.63E-13–2.30E-10 for adults and children, re- spectively. The least HI value was calculated from Chioral restoration, whereas the high- est was found in Acreway creams, respectively. Cancer risk from the different brands of cream is shown on Table VI. The highest cancer risk value for adults was 1.011E-08, whereas the least was 6.324E-10. These concentra- tions were found in Aquasulf and Authentic herbal cream, Cyndy herb crystal, New Jerusalem, Dr Elechi omega 7, and Heel balm. Cancer risk for children ranged from 6.213E-10 to 9.941E-09 in the same cream samples, respectively. The estimated SED and MoS associated with the use of these brands of cosmetic products are shown in Tables VII and VIII. DISCUSSION The presence of toxic metals in cosmetics is inevitable because of their ubiquitous and persistent nature in the environment. But their presence in cosmetics as an ingredient has been prohibited by some countries, whereas there is no international standard on their impurity level. There might not be international standards, but most ingredients prone to contain heavy metals (such as colorants) have established purity requirements. Table VI Cancer Risk of Metal in Cosmetics (mg/kg) S/N Sample identity As ADL CHL 1 BJ 7 d ND ND 2 Tee Tee 3 d ND ND 3 Aquasulf 1.01195E-08 9.94192E-09 4 Skin Guard Aloe vera 7.58959E-09 7.45644E-09 5 Acrec way ND ND 6 Ceedym acne 1.26493E-09 1.24274E-09 7 Authentic herbal cream 6.32466E-10 6.2137E-10 8 Chioral restoration ND ND 9 Magic herb ND ND 10 Cyndy herb crystal 6.32466E-10 6.2137E-10 11 New Jerusalem 6.32466E-10 6.2137E-10 12 Dr Elechi omega 7 6.32466E-10 6.2137E-10 13 Grace palm herbal balm ND ND 14 Anti-wrinkles cream 1.26493E-09 1.24274E-09 15 Hip up cream ND ND 16 Hand D cream ND ND 17 Heel balm 6.32466E-10 6.2137E-10 18 Lip balm feel ND ND 19 Deep relief ND ND 20 Candy anti-spot ND ND As: arsenic.