524 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS EXPERI1VIENTAL A. The cmc was determined by the surface tension method (1) using distilled water as a solvent. Concentrations of 1 per cent and less of PEG-75 Lanolin, • PEG-75 Lanolin Oil, PEG-75 Lanolin Wax, Laneth-10 Acetate, Laneth-16, PEG-g4 Hydrogenated Lanolin, and Laneth-40, were prepared and the resultant solutions allowed to come to ambient temperature (9,3/ g5øC). A DuNuoy tensiometer* was employed and surface tension measure- ments were made. An average of three dial readings were taken to calcu- late surface tensions of each of the various solutions. Surface tension is re- ported in terms of dynes per centimeter. The surface tension of distilled •vater at ambient temperature was used as the calibration standard to calibrate the instrument prior to determining the surface tension of each of the un- known solutions. The cmc is that concentration range at which a sudden change in surface tension measurement occurs. B. Specific gravities of all the ethoxylates evaluated were determined us- ing the precision specific gravity chain balance.$ The instrument was first calibrated using distilled water. The glass cylinder was then dried and charged with the ethoxylate solution and placed in a 25øC water bath for 2 hours. The plummet was then submerged so that it could swing freely in the cylinder without touching the sides. The instrument was then adjusted so that it was balanced at which time the specific gravity could be read directly. C. Viscosity determinations to the limit of water solubility were done on a Brookfield Rotational viscometer. Model LVT.a Two spindles were used numbers 1 and g, both for standardizing the instrument and for the sam- ples. The instrument was operated at 30 rpm for standardization and at 60 rpm for the various concentrations of surfactant. D. The solubilization of perfume compounds study was initiated by our lab- oratories and prepared by International Flavors and Fragrances, Inc. (I.F.F.). • All tests were conducted in a g0:80 specially distilled alcohol (SDA) 40 ethanol/water medium using a 2 per cent h'agrance level. Four ethoxvlated lanolin derivatives were used as solubilizers at concentrations of 4 and 8, respectively. These were: (W) PEG-75 Lanolin oil (X) Laneth-10 Acetate (Y) Laneth-16 and (Z) PEG-75 Lanolin. Five popular perfume types were evaluated. They are described by I.F.F. as type A-aldehyde ester type B-aldehyde ester musk type C-alcohol al- •Ethoxylan 100, Lantrol AWS, Lanfrax WS55, Ethoxyol AC, Ethoxyol 16R, Ethoxyol 9.4, and Ethoxyol 40 Maimstrom Chemical Corp., Linden, N.J. 07036. tFisher Scientific Co., Inc., 711 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15219. •:Henry Troemner, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. 19142. /SBrookfield Engineering Labs, 240 Cushing St., Stockton, Ma. 02072. •521 West 57th St., New York, N.Y. 10019.
PROPERTIES OF ETHOXYLATED LANOLIN Table I Clear Gel Shampoo 525 W/W% Cocamide 10.00 TEA Laury] Sulfate 50.00 Linoleamide DEA 5.00 EDTA 0.50 Methy]garaben 0.20 Deionized Water 34.30 100.00 dehyde type D-terpenes, esters, and resins and type E-ester, alcohol ter- pene. The solutions were prepared at room temperature by first blending the fra- grance into the solubilizer and adding this to the water/alcohol mixture with agitation. (The Laneth-16 and PEG-75 Lanolin were heated slightly to con- vert them to liquids.) This resultcd in 40 solutions, which were tested for stability at room temperature and 105øF for a period of 1 month. E. Viscosity study on a gel shampoo-the following ethyoxylates were test- ed at 1, 5, 10, and 20 per cent levels in a gel shampoo: (1) PEG-75 Lanolin Oil (2) PEG-75 Lanolin (3) Laneth-40 (4) Laneth-16 (5) PEG-g4 Hydro- genated Lanolin (6) PEG-75 Lanolin Wax (7) Laneth-5 * and (8) Laneth- iO Acetate. In preparing the gel shampoo, all of the ingredients in Table I were charged in order and heated with mixing to 75øC. The shampoo was then cooled slowly to 55 øC. The gel formed was further cooled slowly to 30øC. In the experimental shampoos prepared with the ethoxylates, an equivalent amount of aleionized water was removed from the formula. All the raw ma- terials used were taken from the same batch in order to minimize any slight differences found in their analytical specifications. Viscosities were taken ini- tially and then weekly for 2 months. Records of specific gravity and stability were made during this period. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS Saad and Shay (2) described cmc as that point or range at which the con- stitution of the surfactant solute changes from a disperse state to an equilib- rium between molecules (or ions) and aggregates (micelies). It has been noted that properties such as surface tension show an abrupt change at the cmc. Table II illustrates this change. For example, one notices a decreasing *Ethoxyol 5 Maimstrom Chemical Corp., Linden, N.J.
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