302 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS Table II Lipid Content of Each Skin Type (unit: •gcm -2) Skin type 1 2 3 4 5 6 Section 1 152 + 52 112 + 15 116 ___ 50 137 + 66 100 + 66 79 + 17 Section 2 119 + 25 66 ___ 19 74 + 29 39 --- 35 31 + 8 34 + 8 Section 3 122 + 33 63 --+ 15 75 --+ 24 27 + 20 34 + 15 42 + 18 Section 4 124 __+ 22 55 + 22 78 + 31 32 + 16 29 + 17 31 --+ 13 Section 5 108 __+ 18 63 + 26 69 --+ 23 20 --+ 10 25 --+ 15 27 --+ 9 Section 6 125 --+ 49 53 --+ 15 72 + 19 60 + 49 38 + 25 34 --- 9 Section 7 126 + 45 72 + 13 72 + 33 48 --+ 17 33 --+ 23 31 + 14 Section 8 136 + 47 80 +-- 14 84 +__ 37 47 + 23 28 + 21 48 + 22 Section 9 129 --- 39 62 + 16 77 +-- 33 51 --+ 42 27 + 20 47 --+ 12 Section 10 135 --+ 41 157 --+ 30 121 + 43 139 + 32 113 + 40 69 --+ 13 Section 11 157 + 69 150 --- 37 110 + 30 106 --+ 9 89 --+ 22 68 + 5 Section 12 147 + 51 128 __+ 43 95 --+ 29 121 + 8 70 + 26 62 + 20 Table III The Probability of Each Section to Become Oily for Partially Oily Combination Skin Type Forehead Nose Under nose/upper lip Chin Cheek Area around eyes Skin type 3 46% 73% 55% 36% 18% 18% Skin type 5 33% 67% 25% 17% 0% 0% type. Of those, 22% had oily T-zone/normal or oil-depleted combination skin, and 48% had a partially oily combination. Usually the T-zone, (i.e., forehead, nose, under nose/upper lip, and chin) has more oil se- cretion than the other parts of the face. The lipid content of twelve sections of the face is shown in Table II. Sections 1 (forehead), 10 (nose), 11 (undernose/upper lip), and 12 (chin) have a higher lipid content, except for skin type 1. For partially oily combination skin types (type 3 and 5 in Table II), the probability of each section to have oily skin is listed in Table III. The T-zone is still the most oily area, with the nose having the most tendency to be oily. Eighteen percent of skin type 3 had an oily cheek or oily area around the eyes, which is supposed to be a very dry area. MOISTURE CONTENT OF THE FACE The moisture content of facial skin of young Taiwanese women is between 23 and 147 a.u. The moisture content of each skin type is listed in Table IV. Different skin types showed similar values of moisture content, which implies that the moisture con- tent of skin is independent of its lipid content. Apparently, oil has no influence on dif- fusional water loss in the skin. Almost every Taiwanese woman has low moisture con- tent in the lower cheek (i.e., sections 8 and 9). Since the moisture content depends strongly upon the location on the face, but not on the amount of oil secreted, the skin type is mainly determined by the lipid content. Nogueira and Gabrielle defined hydrated skin as having a moisture content between 65 and 90 a.u., and very dehydrated skin as having a value below 65 a.u. (5). They ignored

SKIN PROPERTIES OF TAIWANESE WOMEN 303 Table IV Moisture Content of Each Skin Type (unit: a.u.) Skin type 1 2 3 4 5 6 Section 1 102 ___ 6 97 + 6 91 +-- 11 95 + 3 99 + 9 93 + 10 Section 2 113 + 12 104 + 5 98 --- 15 107 + 2 105 + 12 104 + 11 Section 3 109 + 6 104 -+ 5 100 +-- 113 97 + 8 106 ___ 3 107 --- 9 Section 4 114 + 4 104 --- 8 100 + 16 100 __+ 8 112 + 10 103 + 10 Section 5 111 + 6 108 + 9 104 + 13 101 ___ 8 111 + 5 103 + 11 Section 6 107 --- 7 102 + 8 96 +-- 15 96 --- 9 103 + 8 101 +__ 14 Section 7 104 + 8 106 + 5 97 --- 12 95 + 13 110 --- 6 95 --- 60 Section 8 62 --- 26 66 --- 22 70 + 19 76 + 9 70 --- 33 69 + 80 Section 9 55 + 28 57 + 19 71 --- 27 73 --- 9 68 + 28 71 --- 15 Section 10 90 --- 11 84 + 11 90 + 11 83 + 10 93 + 10 83 + 13 Section 11 105 + 11 100 --- 11 106 --- 16 97 + 12 94 --- 23 98 --- 13 Section 12 103 + 9 98 --- 8 100 + 13 100 ___ 11 104 --- 6 94 + 8 Table V The Probability of Dehydration in Different Sections of the Face Skin type 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dehydrated Section 1 0% 0% 9% 0% 8% 0% Sections 3&5 0% 0% 9% 0% 0% 0% Sections 6&7 0% 0% 9% 0% 8% 20% Section 8 10% 25% 36% 33% 66% 40% Section 9 20% 38% 45% 33% 75% 40% Section 10 20% 25% 9% 0% 33% 20% Section 11 0% 0% 0% 33% 0% 0% Very Dehydrated Sections 8&9 50% 38% 18% 33% 0% 0% the effect of weather. We chose somewhat different criteria: that dehydrated skin has a moisture content between 50 and 80 a.u. and that very dehydrated skin has a value be- low 50 a.u. at a temperature of 22-25øC and a relative humidity of 75%. The criteria were determined by a panel of ten members who observed the skin of young Taiwanese women in daytime in spring. The probability of dehydration for each part of the face is listed in Table V for each skin type. The lower cheek (sections 8 and 9 in Table V) is the driest area of the face. Surprisingly, some young women's noses (about 20%, the average of section 10) are also a dehydrated area. Since we mentioned above that the nose is usu- ally very oily, it is thus not true that oil can seal moisture in the skin (2). LIPID CONTENT AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF THE NECK Compared with the face, the skin of the neck is an area of lower lipid content. The ex- perimental results are listed in Table VI. Note that the more oily the face, the higher the lipid content of the neck. Oily skin types (type 1) have the highest lipid content, and oil-depleted skin types (type 6) have the lowest value. Comparing the front of the neck with the rear, the lipid content is slightly higher, except for skin type 6. The mois-