WELCOME OF MR. RAYMOND E. REED 3 higher scientific plane than the products of the past. In connection with research budg- ets, we considered some time ago the possibility of attempting to establish definite figures on our industry because we felt that this information would provide a very useful yardstick for the measure- ment of technical progress. Un- fortunately, many companies guard their research budget figures very carefully. Some, perhaps, because they are ashamed of them, others because they do not want their competitors to wake up to the fact that they are on the march scientifi- cally. Nevertheless, despite the lack of availability of this informa- tion, one only has to talk to his associates in this industry to realize that what I say is true and that scientific activities in our field are expanding rapidly. As an illustra- tion only, and because my organiza- tion does not regard research b'udget information as confidential, I am free to state that we expect to spend $500,000 on cosmetic research in the year 1950. Think of it, a half million dollars devoted to research on technical problems common to only one small part of the cosmetic industry. With greater opportunities de- veloping for cosmetic science, I think we should ask ourselves many questions. Are we keeping pace with the growth of our industry? If we are in industrial research, are we doing a first-rate technical job for our organization? Are we in- sisting on thorough control measures to protect the quality of the prod- ucts we create? Are we fighting for all the things in which we as scientists believe? Are we fighting for thorough scientific investiga- tions of all products before they are marketed? Once these products are approved for marketing, do we fight to keep all advertising dealing with technical matters scientifically honest? Do we fight to keep the sales story within the bounds of scientific fact? These are things we all can and must do. And in doing them, I feel sure that we will be better recognized and respected by our own associates in our own or- ganizations. If we fail to do our job, we face a great danger. You can be sure that scientific workers in other fields are becoming more and more aware of the opportunities in the cosmetic industry. These people will more and more compete with us for our jobs. Although we will welcome in the future, as we have in the past, scientific workers from other industries who desire to enter this field, we ourselves must capital- ize on our backgrounds in this in- dustry to do an outstanding job. I have enjoyed serving as your president during the past year. To all the other officers, the various committees, and to the membership at large, I wish to extend my thanks for their generous co-opera- tion during 1949.

MEASUREMENT OF ODORS IN THE COSMETIC INDUSTRY* By Louis C. BAuAI., M.D. United States Testing Co., Inc., Hoboken, N. •7. FOR SEVERAL centuries odors have been considered an important factor in the manufacturing, identi- fication, and use of cosmetics. A great many odors are perceived by the human nose, but a much greater number of them are not detected by it. Many animals or insects are capable of detecting odors that fail to be perceived by humans. To cite only a few examples, dogs recognize and remember for great lengths of time the body odor of their master and friends, whether human or ca- nine. Pigs can detect truffles and other edible fungi buried several inches in the ground. Other animals and insects are very sensitive to odors of sweat, perfumes, and chem- icals, and these properties are used in the manufacturing of repellents. Studies made of these animals and insects seem to indicate that their olfactory sense is not susceptible to some important variables such as their health condition, whether they are tired or rested, changes in weath•er conditions, temperature or humidity, nor to extrinsic and in- * Presented at the May 20, 1949, Meeting, New York City. terfering odors. On the other hand, the human nose is very susceptible to such changes. It does not evaluate nor classify the same odor in the same way if the individual is in good or poor health, tired or rested, before or after being in dry or humid weather, at hot or cold temperatures, and when the odor is pure or associated or interfered with by other odors. ODOR MEASURE•4E•TS From these statements it could be inferred that measurements of odors with the human nose would be practically impossible. A great deal has been written about meas- urements and identification of tastes. It has been found that substances do not have the same taste when tested by different sub- jects. Some chemicals are known to have a bitter taste when tested by some, a sweet taste when tested by others, and no taste at all when tested by a third category of per- sons. Fortunately, this does not happen when the measuring and testing of odors are concerned. Our opinion, which was the basis for