Table VI Coeffi cient Estimation of Tested Factors on Responses Factor Coeffi cient estimation SPF Hardness Compressibility Cohesiveness Adhesiveness pH A: Phase volume ratio (PVR) 7.26* 1.587** 3.893 −0.027 −2.961** 0.140** B: Xanthan gum −6.869* 2.181 6.097 −0.067 −2.746 0.322** C: stearic acid 20.897* −11.437** −4.196** −0.347 11.098* 0.132** AB: PVR × Xanthan 27.367** 2.62 −0.468 0.067 −2.491 −0.300 AC: PVR × Stearic acid − 3.301 −9.568 0.347 −3.693 −0.177** BC: Xanthan gum × Stearic acid − −2.788** −20.272* 0.379 5.031** −0.457** *p 0.05. **p 0.001. FACTORS AFFECTING SPF AND PA VALUES OF SUNSCREEN CREAM FORMULATIONS 155

JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 156 Figure 3. Texture profi les, pH, and viscosity of sunscreen products before and after undergoing freeze-thaw cycling.

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