SURVEY OF COSMETICS FOR SEVEN INORGANIC ELEMENTS 129 cobalt, lead, and nickel were determined by ICP-MS. Mercury was determined by cold vapor atomic fl uorescence spectrometry (CVAFS) because it offers higher sensitivity and reduced interferences relative to ICP-MS for mercury determinations. The analyses were conducted by Frontier Global Sciences (Frontier, Bothell, WA), a private laboratory under contract with FDA. T able V. Elemental Results for 30 Eye Shadows from 19 Manufacturers Manufacturer Brand Mean results (mg/kg)a As Cd Cr Co Pb Hg Ni A a 0.36 0.070 18 5.5 5.0 NF 16 A b 0.62 NF 8.5 7.9 4.4 NF 16 A c 0.65 0.14 15 8.1 3.9 TR 20 B a 0.38 TR 3.8 1.9 4.7 0.0070 2.9 B b 0.50 NF 7.7 4.0 3.4 NF 9.4 C a 0.19 NF 2.0 0.35 0.05 NF 0.91 C b 0.78 NF 7.7 1.6 6.5 0.0080 3.1 C c 0.36 NF 12 3.7 0.66 0.040 8.2 C d 0.63 0.36 8.3 1.7 6.7 0.0075 4.8 C e 0.24 NF 4.5 0.88 4.7 TR 2.5 C f 0.25 TR 11 5.3 0.77 0.030 42 D a TR NF 3.9 1.3 3.1 NF 4.8 E a 0.45 TR 21 2.8 5.7 0.030 9.6 E b 0.62 NF 18 5.5 4.1 0.0085 15 F a 0.62 NF 9.6 2.1 3.6 0.0060 7.5 G a 0.30 NF 1100 2.7 4.2 NF 13 H a 0.41 NF 7.4 2.4 3.4 0.010 8.8 I a 1.0 NF 11 1.6 5.9 NF 10 J a 0.36 TR 12 7.8 27 TR 32 K a 0.33 NF 16 0.94 3.9 0.020 12 K a 0.69 TR 420 4.9 8.6 0.0085 10 L a 1.7 TR 350 64 2.1 TR 1600 M a 0.47 TR 22000 1.1 2.4 NF 17 N a 0.26 0.11 6.6 6.8 2.8 0.020 14 N b 0.07 NF 4.7 0.31 2.2 NF 5.0 O a 0.79 TR 3500 2.9 7.5 0.015 16 P a 0.29 NF 40 13 4.2 TR 18 Q a 0.48 TR 5.1 2.4 5.7 TR 9.4 R a 1.2 TR 32 0.64 14 0.0040 9.0 S a NF NF 1.1 0.11 0.11 NF 1.3 NF: Not found, or less than detection limit TR: Trace, or greater than detection limit, but less than quantitation level. a Mean results of duplicate determinations.

JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 130 EXPERIMENTAL COSMETIC SAMPLES The following 150 cosmetic samples were purchased by Frontier from April 22, 2011 to August 16, 2011, according to a detailed list provided by FDA: 30 eye shadows, 30 Table VI. Elemental Results for 30 Blushes from 20 Manufacturers Manufacturer Brand Mean results (mg/kg)a As Cd Cr Co Pb Hg Ni A a 0.43 NF 4.7 0.89 4.5 NF 7.3 A b 0.33 NF 12 1.1 2.4 NF 6.4 A c 0.87 TR 52 2.1 14 0.0075 18 B a 0.36 0.12 4.6 0.91 3.1 NF 4.1 C a 0.54 TR 9.4 1.3 4.2 TR 6.5 C b 0.72 NF 5.4 1.6 5.4 NF 3.1 C c 0.41 TR 14 1.1 6.4 NF 7.4 C d NF NF 0.43 1.7 0.51 NF 2.7 C e 0.52 NF 3.5 3.8 2.2 NF 5.3 C f NF NF TR NF NF NF TR D a 0.36 NF 4.4 1.0 5.8 0.010 3.9 E a TR NF 3.0 0.92 1.6 NF 2.1 E b TR NF 1.2 0.22 0.83 NF 0.70 F a 1.3 NF 6.4 4.8 10 0.0085 11 G a 0.62 1.2 28 3.1 4.8 0.0075 23 H a 0.52 NF 6.8 1.7 4.2 NF 7.6 I a 0.68 NF 3.9 7.5 2.1 0.0065 14 K a 1.3 TR 8.7 2.7 3.9 0.0050 14 K b 1.0 NF 12 3.0 5.7 TR 13 L a 0.46 TR 11 1.2 3.4 0.0070 4.3 M a 0.49 TR 18 0.72 1.4 TR 7.3 N a TR NF 3.5 0.28 4.4 NF 1.6 N b 0.44 NF 6.5 1.4 5.4 NF 3.9 P a 0.48 TR 18 2.8 2.3 0.0085 16 Q a 1.1 NF 30 0.59 11 0.010 12 R a 0.75 NF 13 3.8 3.3 NF 13 T a TR NF 1.4 0.13 1.4 NF 0.64 U a 0.34 NF 5.2 3.0 0.60 NF 8.0 V a 0.46 NF 400 3.7 0.77 NF 9.0 W a 0.38 NF 6.0 4.4 2.2 NF 12 NF: Not found, or less than detection limit TR: Trace, or greater than detection limit, but less than quanti- tation level. a Mean results of duplicate determinations.