INTERPRETATION OF HALAL COSMETICS IN MALAYSIA 143 Table I The Critical Point of Difference between Halal Cosmetic and General Cosmetic No Point of differences Halal cosmetic General cosmetic 1 Referred document 10 16 18 2 Defi nition There is no signifi cant difference between general cosmetics and halal cosmetics, except for the specifi cation mentioned by MS 2634 and JAKIM as described in items (three to six). However, there are two important items in the defi nition, namely, the function of cosmetic and the places and areas where the cosmetics are used. --In contact with part of body Cosmetic and personal care means any substance or preparation intended to be placed in contact with various external parts of the human body (including epidermis, hair system, nails, lips, and external genital organs) or with teeth and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity --Function Mainly to cleaning the external parts of the human body, perfuming them, changing their appearance or correcting body odours, and protecting them or keeping them in good condition 3 Ingredients This document presented six requirements of raw materials, ingredients, and processing aid. Section 4.0 elaborated that halal cosmetics are cosmetic products that contain ingredients permitted under the Shariah law and fatwa and fulfi ll the seven stated conditions (having a clear status of halal and haram because of the clear statement in the Quran). This document listed seven prohibited substances and the traces of substances that are allowed because of the presence that is technically unavoidable in GMP. It conforms to the safety requirements. --Allowed with limitation No specifi c section related to this topic. Section 4.2 elaborated that the materials or ingredients used in the halal cosmetics further explained the allowed ingredients mentioned in the Quran that have consensus due to the status of halal and haram. For examples: This document listed substances and other ingredients that are allowed to be used within the limits and stated the conditions such as coloring agents, preservatives, and UV fi lters. (i) cosmetic originated from GMOs or GMOs by the product or ingredients made by manipulating the genetic material of animals that are non-halal by Shariah law and fatwa, and (ii) animal (and plant) toxins or poisons are permitted after the elimination or removal during the processing (as permitted by Shariah law). 4 Processing of ingredients Five items identifi ed may affect the halal recognition and halal status, namely Five items identifi ed may affect the halal recognition and the halal status, namely No specifi c section but the overall procedure for cosmetic products must comply with the GMP requirements. (i) Production record that is consistently updated, (i) Hygiene, sanitation, and safety in the manufacturing and handling of halal cosmetics,

JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 144 No Point of differences Halal cosmetic General cosmetic (ii) preparation, handling, processing, and packaging for the storage or transfer of products shall be in compliance to the requirements by Shariah law and GMP/ good hygienic practices (GHP), (ii) equipment and processing aids, (iii) no mixing between raw materials/products with non-halal materials/sources or those with uncertain halal status, (iii) materials for halal cosmetics shall be prepared according to the GMP requirements, (iv) transportation used shall be for halal products only, and (iv) product manufacturing, handling, and distribution, and (v) the use of appliances/ brushes from animal’s hair is not allowed. (v) Packaging, labelling, and advertising. All must follow the requirements stated in the specifi ed clause in the document. 5 Safety of ingredients The fi rst requirement of raw materials/ ingredient/ processing aid is as follows: to ensure raw material/ ingredient sources are halal and safe. No specifi c section but each ingredient and material used in halal cosmetic must not cause harm or hazard to health and should not be poisonous. A cosmetic product placed in the market must not cause damage to human’s health when applied under normal or reasonably foreseeable conditions of use. The cosmetic Notifi cation Holder (CNH) shall ensure that the safety assessment is conducted for each producta. 6 Ethics and responsibility Related to the responsibility that should be accomplished by manufacturers such as Internal Halal Committee and establishing the halal assurance system with reference to halal assurance System (HAS) 2011. Management responsibilities are listed in Section 4.1 that includes training, suffi cient resources, traceability of document records, religious obligation practices are allowed, and integrity is preserved by each member of the company, including the company’s suppliers and distributors. There are 13 responsibilities of CNH, and the requirement related to the ingredients, safety, and halal status must be fulfi lled. a Please refer to Annex I, part 6 for Guideline for Safety Assessment of Cosmetic Product. Table I Continued