JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 180 NOAEL Mo = SED × Conc.% S p100 The MoS value is expected to be higher than 230 in baby products (29,30). When calcu- lating the dermal absorption, the calculations were made with the assumption that 100% of the product would be absorbed as the worst exposure scenario. The area where the applied pro duct touches the skin: 200 cm2, the amount of the applied product: 0.05 g. Contact time of the applied pr oduct: 30 s and frequency two times. RESULTS pH MEASUREMENT RESULTS The eig ht different barrier cr eam formulations were measured for pH analyses (n = 3). The pH results of the formulations were found between 6.9 and 7.8, and the pH of the optimum formulation BBC-8 was measured as 7.2. The pH measurement results of the formulations are given in Table 2 in the following text. VISCOSITY AND RHEOLOGICAL STUD Y RESULTS All formulation rheological pr operties have indicated a pseudoplastic fl ow property. BBC-1 and BBC-2 created a graph of shear rate fl uctuation across the applied shear stress, and the decrease in viscosity was not correlated with the shear rate. It was ob- served that the shear rate could not display the desired shear stress in the sixth formula- tion. The formulations BBC-3, BBC-4, BBC-7, and BBC-8 were determined by the graphics obtained that desired rheological character when there is increase in shear rates and viscosity values against the applied shear stress. As a result, the BBC-1, BBC- 2, and BBC-6 barrier cream formulations have not kept the rheological character and their stability during the shelf-life period. Viscosity and rheological measurement results of the formulations are represented in Figure 1. Table 2 pH Results of the Formulations (n = 3) Formulation code pH measurement result BBC-1 (K13/112) 7.104 ± 0.02 BBC-2 (K13/108) 7.263 ± 0.03 BBC-3 (K13/100) 7.203 ± 0.01 BBC-4 (K13/085) 7.836 ± 0.04 BBC-5 (K13/003) 7.326 ± 0.03 BBC-6 (K13/097) 6.957 ± 0.01 BBC-7 (K13/075) 6,693 ± 0.01 BBC 8- (K13/092) 7,263 ± 0.03

NEXT-GENERATION NATURAL BABY BARRIER CREAM FORMULATIONS 181 HLB CALCULATION RESULTS The HLB values of the eight formulations were calculated according to the following formula, and the HLB value of the formulation was chosen as the w/o-type emulsifi er (Dehymuls PGPH HLB: 3.5, Lameform TGI HLB: 3.5). In the BBC-5 formulation, the importance of the emulsifi er selection with the HLB values was confi rmed by using sper- maceti (cetyl ester wax HLB: 11.8) that is not suitable for the w/o-type emulsion “to pro- vide optimization” for control purposes. According to the results, it has been observed that the emulsifi er used in the fi fth formulation was chosen incorrectly (o/w emulsifi er). Considering the HLB values in the other seven formulations, the lipophilic emulsifi er selection was correct, and phase separation was not observed. HLB calculation results are given in Table 3 and Figure 2. MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS RESULTS Microbiological analysis was performed for 96 h for eight different formulations. Samples that were cultivated on sheep blood agar remained in incubation at 37°C for 4 d, and it was checked whether the microorganisms are reproduced. If there is any microbial reproduction as a result of incubation, further identifi cation work is car- ried out for the determination of the pathogen. Microbial growing was not observed Figure 1. Viscosity result plot of BBC-8 formulation, viscosity/shear rate, and shear stress/shear rate. Table 3 HLB Calculation Chart for All Formulations Name Oil phase HLB PGPH HLB 3.5 PGPH % L-TGI HLB: 3.5 L-TGI % C.E.W.HLB: 11.8 C.E.W. % BBC-1 7,7500 3,5000 49 3,5000 — 11,8000 51 BBC-2 7,7500 3,5000 3,5000 49 11,8000 51 BBC-3 7,4597 3,5000 52 3,5000 — 11,8000 48 BBC-4 7,4378 3,5000 53 3,5000 — 11,8000 47 BBC-5 7,7874 3,5000 0 3,5000 0 11,8000 100 BBC-6 6,1860 3,5000 3,5000 68 11,8000 32 BBC-7 7,9610 3,5000 46 3,5000 11,8000 54 BBC-8 7,9056 3,5000 — 3,5000 47 11,8000 53