COSMETIC APPLICATIONS OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL 331 Part C Zinc stearate ...................................... 2.5% t and add to Titanium dioxide ................................... 12.5% emulsified mixture Cosmetic russet .................................... 0.75% of A and B. Blend Homo-Mix Cosmetic brown .................................... 0.25% J until smooth After incorporating varying percentages of PVA of Types 100H, 98H, 88H, and 75H (of medium and low viscosities)and evaluating the products, it was concluded that $% of Type 88H (medium viscosity) polyvinyl alcohol produced a superior barrier cream. On the basis of these findings, Type 88H polyvinyl alcohol was chosen as the one polymer having the best potential for use in emulsified creams and lotions. One very important group of cosmetic preparations which has received little attention is comprised of those products used as theatrical make-up. These cosmetics truly undergo a "baptism of fire" since they are subjected to extreme conditions of wear during the filming of a movie or a television production, or in the course of a stage play, yet must resist heat, strong lights, excessive perspiration and often harsh treatment. Still they must permit the performer to appear to the audience as was intended by the producer. Experiences gained in formulating theatrical cosmetics can be used to advantage in developing improved cosmetics for street wear. Then, too, theatrical groups are excellent subjects for in vivo testing of cosmetics--and are usually most cooperative. A theatrical make-up suitable for use on either the face or the entire body was evolved from numerous trials over the past few years and is now being used with much satisfaction by a number of performing groups. The "secret ingredient" responsible for its success is partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol. Users report that the product has excellent ease of application, covers well, resists erosion by perspiration, yet is easily re- moved by soap and water. The formula for the basic product which is a liquid suspension is indicated below. It is also noted that this suspension has less tendency to separate or settle when it contains PVA. If settling does occur, resuspension is more readily accomplished in the PVA-con- raining product. Theatrical Make- Up 5% aqueous dispersion of Veegum HV ....................... 25% Polyethylene glycol 1000 monostearate ....................... 10% Polyvinyl alcohol Type 88H, med. viscosity .................. 2. 99% isopropanol ........................................... 20% Propylene glycol ........................................... Pigments ................................................. 10% Distilled water ............................................. 27. Considering the two main properties polyvinyl alcohol imparts to cosmetics--film formation and durability--one might expect it to be valuable in the development of superior suntan lotions or creams. With

332 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS this idea in mind, a series of suntan lotions was prepared, all based on the following control formula: Suntan Lotion Formulation Part A Glycerol ........................................... Methylparaben ..................................... 0.025% Distilled water ...................................... 53% Part B Mineral oil ......................................... 20% Isopropyl myristate ................................. Sunscreen #2 ....................................... 2.5% Amerchol L-101 ..................................... 2.5% Cetyl alcohol ....................................... 2.5% Tween 61 .......................................... 9.0% Part C Perfume comp ....................................... 0.25% Heat to 75øC with mixing Combine and heat to 75øC. Then add B to A with Homo-Mixing In addition to the control formulation two variations were prepared in which a portion of the distilled water was replaced by 2.5% and 5% of PVA Type 88H, low viscosity. In evaluating the stability of the products it was noted that a much more stable product was produced using PVA. Optimum stability was noeed with the product containing 5% PVA. This was particularly obvious in samples stored at elevated temperatures. In vivo testing of the products showed that the lotion containing 5% PVA was indeed superior in all respects to several popular commercial products tested at the same time. One final product should be included in this discussion to show the versatility and wide range of applications of polyvinyl alcohol. A men's hair dressing was developed and is being used by several subjects, who again prefer it to its commercial counterparts. An emulsified product containing 5% PVA Type 88H, low viscosity, is a semi-solid cream suitable for tube packaging. Further work along these lines could lead to the TABLE II--EuuLSXVXERS USEn WXTn PVA TVVES 75H Ash 88H Cosmetic Product Type of PVA Emulsifiers Barrier creams 75H and 88H Polyoxyl-40-stearate Cetyl alcohol Glyceryl monostearate Amerchol L-101 Theatrical make-ups 88H Polyethyleneglycol 1000 monostearate Liquid make-ups 88H Potassium stearate Acetulan Suntan lotions 88H Tween 61 Amerchol L-101 Cetyl alcohol Cream hair dressings 88H Triethanolamine stearate Glyceryl monostearate Amerchol L-101