KERATIN REPLACEMENT AS AN AGING PARAMETER 543 35. Figure 7. One year nail growth curve of twenty-three-year-old female high value of 0.83 (average) for the third decade of life to 0.52 (average) in individuals between 90 and 99 years of age. This is a decrease of about 38% in rate of growth over a period of 70 years. These averages per decade were also broken down by sex, as shown in Fig. O. Males had a higher NGI until about the sixth decade, when the values for males and females are very close. By the eighth decade, growth rate of males begins to fall below that of females in the tenth decade average NGI for males is 0.45, while that of females is 0.54. One year studies of individuals indicated a linear rate of nail growth with little seasonal variation. Figure 7 shows the growth of a 23-year- old female over a one year period, measures every four to six weeks, plotted against the 45 ø slope of a Nail Growth Index of 1.0 ram/week. Average growth of this subject was 0.95 ram/week.

544 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS Faster Table 11 Nail Growth Factors Slower No Effect Males Pregnancy Third digit Piano playing Onychophagia Females Lactation First digit Aging Severe cold Acute infection Pneumonia Mumps Malnutrition Decreased circulation Smoking Congestire heart failure Paralysis Sleep Left- or right-handedness Season Minor chronic illness Occupation Dietary habits Moderate emotional stress Minor surgery Height and weight Weight change Color Nail polish and remover Figure 8. Nail Growth Index slope at ten-year intervals