BOOK REVIEWS 553 that those from universities and research institutions outnumber those from industry by over 4 to 1. Of the 4:2 authors most have names that are household words amongst cosmetic chemists and so are the names of many of the :247 attending the discussion. Many industrial cosmetic chemists rely on practical methods which have stood the test of time for developing and proving the stability of their emulsions, rather than on theoretical arguments in their development. It therefore would be of considerable benefit to all such practical chemists to study this volume which brings up-to-date our knowledge of the theoretical developments, and of the recent experimentation into many of the theories of emulsion stability. The initial part of the volume deals with interface problems studied by work on the rupture of films, on the influence of the electrical double layer on stability, and the influence of boundary films on stability. This naturally leads into studies of stability in model systems of uniform particle size dispersion and to the influence of water at the boundary in both aqueous and non- aqueous dispersions, and finally, to the study of the influence of polymers at the inter- face. It is clear that an immense amount of clarification and support of the theoretical basis of emulsion chemistry has been achieved since the papers were published in 1940 for the first discussion on the electrical double layer which had to be cancelled by the outbreak of war in 1939. However, as with so many research discussions this very clarification has shown a number of areas where further investigation is needed to explain the anomalies which have emerged and to fill in the still evident gaps in our knowledge. This is a collection of papers which can well be recommended to all cosmetic chemists for study. C. PUGH ADVANCES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: METHODS AND RESULTS. Vol. 5. Editors: R. A. Raphael, E. C. Taylor, H. Wynberg. Pp. vii + 337 + Ill. (1965). John Wiley & Sons, New York/London/Sydney. 105s. Contributions in previous volumes of this series have presented a critical appraisal of a synthetic method (nine), or of intermediates and reagents (six), or diagnostic techniques (four) or degradation (one) in addition one account described the novel chemistry of a specific natural product (muscarine). The fifth volume appears to have moved away somewhat from this ambit: while nearly two thirds of the book is allocated to a comprehensive review by M. Tichy (Prague) of the ir spectro- metric investigation of the stereochemistry of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, the remainder comprises a discussion by A. J. Parker (Western Australia) of the use of aprotic solvents in organic chemistry, and a characteristically concise but remarkably readable survey of polycyclic diterpenoids contributed by the former Barton collabor- ators Karl Overton and R. McCrindle. Parker's criteria for dipole forming aprotic solvents are a high dielectric constant (above 15) and the absence of labile hydrogen atoms capable of forming strong hydrogen bonds. Although he describes many others, most of his discussion is con- cerned with three such solvents: DMF, dimethylacetamide and DMSO. Properties

554 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS reviewed include solubility, effect on reaction kinetics and acid/base strength, their use as media for a variety of organic syntheses, and a brief account of their function as reactants per se. The survey of polycyclic diterpene chemistry by McCrindle and Overton is par- ticularly timely notable advances in authenticated stereochemical elucidation, and the elegant correlation of terpene taxonomy effected particularly by the biosynthetic studies of the Manchester and Zurich schools, have advanced our understanding of this branch of natural product chemistry a long way beyond the historical resin acids. This review neatly catalogues di-, tri-, tetra-, and penta-carbocyclic direrpenes into eight skeletal families, and for each is nominated a consistent and memorable number- ing scheme appropriately modified from the now generally accepted steroid notation. Dr. Tichy's contribution is not quite as monumental as the pagination at first implies. In fact, the review proper is confined to some 50 pages describing typical stereochemical interpretations of H-bonded ir spectra, with the emphasis shifting from configurational assignment to quantitative applications. The balance of his article comprises a tabulation of OH stretching data for 1600 compounds. To this extent his survey is less specialised than the other two, but all three are to be com- mended as most useful and comprehensive reviews of our present knowledge in their respective areas. G.F. PHILLIPS. INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH IN BRITAIN. 6th Edn. Pp. 923. (1968). Harrap Research Publications, London. 168s. This new edition provides a wealth of information for those engaged in industrial research. This ranges from a useful list of abbreviations in the first few pages, through sections dealing with the various Ministries concerned with the adminis- tration of research laboratories trade associations independent research laboratories universities and technical colleges professional and learned societies international and overseas industrial research associations embassies and scientific attaches computer services libraries British periodicals and abstracts covering industrial research, to superb indexes of names of organisations and titles, and of subjects. Whereas all the chapters contain useful information, there would appear to be little justification for that on "Patent Agents" which contains nothing but the address of the relevant Institute. This volume, with I. D. L. Ball as able advisory editor, can be thoroughly recom- mended to every person in contact with scientific organisations of any kind. A.H.