JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS promotions, new products, packs, etc., sold in centrally for featuring at a specific time at retail level just do not filter through. Without salesmen actually calling at the retail end of symbols, co-ops, multiples, etc., new products and the like would just not appear in time for scheduled advertising or promotion. The representative calling also has a selling job in terms of space allocation, retailer enthusiasm, etc., to ensure acceptance for those lines sold in at the buying office. In summary, centralisation of buying in without adequate control over the 'selling out' means that manufacturers have to perform part of the retailer's function for him, hence the large sales forces, or perish in the competitive battle. On Page 98 in a discussion on sales forecasting Mr. Morse explains the use of the term 'straight line projection' as follows:- "Straight line projection makes the assumption that, by taking the direction shown by existing information given on a graph the future is projected as a straight line. Thus it assumes that existing information can be projected as a series either arithmetically or geometrically." Geometrical projection, of course, takes us out of a straight line into curves, exponential, parabolic, gompertz, etc. M. G. PITT-BAILEY. SOLUBILIZATION BY SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS. P.H. Elworthy, A. T. Florence and C. B. Macfarlane. Pp. 335 q- Ill. (1,068). Chapman © Hall, London. oe3.15 (63s). The preface of this book purports to provide a monograph on this subject. This purpose has been achieved fairly successfully by a combination of brief under- lying theory, a number of more factual chapters cataloguing the results of original publications and detailed guides to further reading in the form of comprehensive reference lists. The difficulty with a subject like this is the great complexity and range of materials and systems covered. Although there is a considerable body of coherent theory, this still does not allow of a sufficiently generalized treatment to be universally applied. Nevertheless an earnest and, to a considerable degree, successful attempt has been made to build this volume around the established theoretical structure of the subject. The first two chapters deal respectively with micellisation and solubilization and outline the theory underlying these phenomena in a very readable way, with constant reference to the original literature from which these ideas arise. Chapter 6, which deals with the biological aspects of solubilization, contains a great deal of theoretical foundation set around various physiological and biochemical processes. Notably these include the micellization of phospholipids, the effect of solubilization of cell membranes, the solubilization of cholesterol, modes of drug action and fat utili- sation. Although the detailed facts alone, in this chapter, are of limited interest to the formulation chemist in the fields of cosmetics and toiletries they do serve as a fairly cohesive illustration of the physico-chemical principles underlying this subject. For this reason this chapter could be considered as an extension of the first two iu the book but spreading a little more into the applied field. It may have been better to place it third in order after the first two chapters, thus leaving the whole of the latter part of the book for the more detailed and individual considerations of formulation aspects. The applied section of the book is devoted to two chapters on pharmaceutical for-

BOOK mW•WS 57 mulation problems (3 & 4), one dealing mainly with aspects of cosmetics, herbicides and insecticides, (chapter 5) and the final one (chapter 7) with certain industrial applications such as detergency, textile processing, emulsion polymerization and the effect of solubilization in analytical procedures. These chapters are a comprehensive catalogue of published findings covering a whole range of individual experiments and although it is difficult to see a "story line" running through them they do bring to notice the types of problems encountered. An especially useful feature of the book is its provision of a very extensive bibliography at the end of each chapter, averaging about 150 references in each case. As a result, the reader has available a very wide- ranging reading list in compact form. The book also includes a useful appendix xvith structural and chemical data about the various surfactants mentioned in the text. Taken as a whole, the book provides a useful means of acquiring the feel of the subject and should give the practical formulator the confidence to taclde associated problems with an imaginative and creative empirical approach. S.V. BRASCH. INTERNATIONALER RIECHSTOFF-KODEX. A. M(iller. Pp. XII q- 448. (1•)138). Dr. Alfred H½'tthig Verlag, Heidelberg. DM 48. The familiar little orange-covered book and the companion first supplement of Miiller's compendium of information on aroma and flaw)ur chemicals and specialities has given way to a jumbo-size (approx. 8"x 11") paperback-style volume with a glossy white cover. The handling properties of this new style may be judged from the fact that the reviexver's copy parted from its cover within one hour's browsing. The volume comprises priucipally alphabetical listings of aroma chemica|s aud specialities with variable sets of details including chelnical formula, melting- and boiling point, density, refractive index, odour type, literature references and sup- pliers. It is claimed to include some 5 000 aroma substances, more than 6 000 perfume bases and some 300 special fiavours. The data are very far from complete and the supplier details are largely out-of-date. Additional numerous tables and lists give for selected groups of materials: solubility in mineral oil and water, fluorescence to uv light, tenacity, odour intensity, stability in soap, pro- and anti-oxidative properties, toxicity to flies, diamagnetic properties, dielectric constants and dipole moments, threshold values, etc. Speciality perfranc bases and their •nanufacturers are listed together with, what the creative perfumers seem to find of most value, a listing of aroma chemicals and bases arranged according to odour types. Lists of perfume solvents, fixatives and sunscreening products are also included. Tables list "named" perfmnes and their •nanufacturers and a chronology of aroma chemicals is given. The body of the book is in German but English and French translations are given for many main and sub- headings. This volume includes a second supplement and perhaps the greatest drawback is that the main volume, first and second supplements have all been printed separately with no attempt to integrate them into a unified work. The result is that for every piece of information one requires one has to look in three separate places. Optimistically the volume includes an Errata sheet listing 22 corrections simply