"Kohl Original Stone (with Powder Grey- Dubat Saudi Arabia Galena0 ( Cerussite)° (Anglesite)° Pb, S (0, C, K, Si)" N N Zarn Zem watet")"g (shiny) black Galena (Cerussite) (Anglesite) Pb, S, C, 0 "Khojati® Surma Deluxe" Powder Grey- Dubaid India Zincite0 (Calcite/Aragonite (CaCO3))° Zn, 0 (Si, Ca Fe)° y N black Sharjahe (Bombay) (Quartz)" (Graphite)° Zincite CalcitelAragonite Ca, Zn, C, 0 (Amorphous carbon) (Quartz) Si, Al, Fe (S) (Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 )) "Khojati ® Surma Sada Powder Black Dubaid India Galena0 Zinciten Cerussite0 Pb, S, Zn, 0° y y Aswad" (matte) Sharjahe (Bombay) ,-....i Ajman1 "Khojati ® Surma Sada" Powder Grey- Dubaid India Galena9 (Anglesite)9 (Cerussite)9 Pb, S, C, 09 y N ,-....i (matte) black Sharjahe (Bombay) r ,-....i RAKr ..., "Lateef Surma Narnirah" Powder Grey- Dubaik Pakistan Sassolite (Zinc borate hydrate 0, Zn° N y white Sharjahe (Lahore) (H 3 BO 3 )° (Zn (BO 3)2 H 2 O))° UAQj (Graphite)° z RAKr u "Lateef Surma 'sukh chen Powder Black Dubaid Pakistan Sassolitel' (Zinc borate)P ZnP y l N n sada'1" Sharjahe (Lahore) (Amorphous carbon)P 0 Ajmani � UAQ1 0 RAKr (Fl "Lateef Surma 'surma sada Powder Black Dubaid Pakistan SassoliteP (Zinc borate)P ZnP yJ N ,-....i ..., mix' 1 " Sharjahe (Lahore) (Amorphous carbon)P ,-....i 0 UAQ1 z "Lateef Surma" Powder Grey- Dubaid Pakistan Sassolite0 (Zinc borate mono-hydrate)0 Zn, 0 (C, Cl)° N y black UAQ1 (Lahore) (Graphite)° 0 RAKr 1--rj Fujairah5 Sassolite (Graphite) Zn, O,C � "Surma Al-Sherifain" Powder Black Dubaid India Galena0 (Anglesite)° (Cerussite)° Pb, S (0, Si, K, Ca, y y 0 (matte) Sharjahe er ::r: Ajman1 r (Fl "Special Hayati Surma (Ex- Powder Black Dubaid India Amorphous Calcite0 (Portlandite)°'r C, Ca (Mg, Cl, Si)° y y � port Quality Surma No. (Bombay) carbon° (Graphite)0 013)" a The name of the sample, in English (sometimes translated). In alphabetical order. 6 Those phases in brackets are estimated to be each less than 5% level in the sample. cThose elements given in brackets were judged to be only just above background level. lDubai Deira souk. e Sharjah Iranian souk. fRas Al-Khaimah main souk. gTranslated from Arabic. 6 Zam Zem water is holy water from Mecca, Saudi Arabia. iAjman Iranian souk. jUmm Al-Qawain. k Bur Dubai souk. 1 Translated from Urdu. ° From a previous study on kohls from Abu Dhabi city (1). ,....... ,....... PFrom a previous study on kohls from Oman (2). 9From a previous study on kohls from Cairo (3). r Portlandite is a mixture of approx. 75% calcite and 25% aluminum silicates. sFujairah VJ city souk. ® Word(s) preceding this symbol are registered trade names.

114 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE names) in both tables, Table I for the 34 samples not seen before and Table II for the 19 samples analyzed by us in previous studies (1-3 ). A total of eight samples had trade names, and after these names, in Tables I and II and in the text, is placed the "®" symbol. Also, seven samples had no name. They are listed as "None" for their sample names and are here regarded as all being observably different from one another. Also, for the few occasions where the same sample name occurred more than once, on observably different samples, extra descriptive information on their containers is given in paren- theses after each of the listed names. Also, any additional useful information given to us by the shopkeeper, on the kohl concerned, is given after the name (in parentheses and using " ... "). Table II contains, in addition to the results from our previous studies, the results of XRPD and SEM EDX on eight samples selected in this study for the checking of consistency of composition with variation in locations of purchase. Also given in these tables, on a simple YIN basis, is whether any information is given (on the container or on an enclosed leaflet) on the chemical contents of the sample or on the medicinal effects of using the kohl sample. Figure 1 shows the percentages of the main elements of the major phases in the combined (53) samples from Tables I and II. Similarly, in Figure 2 is shown the (percentage) origins of all the samples listed in Tables I and II. For the 34 samples listed in Table I the main component of 12 was found to be galena (lead sulfide, PbS). In a further three samples it was present as a minor phase. Four of these 15 samples were silver-grey lumps, ten were grey-black (eight) or black (one) or grey (one) powders, and one was black and greasy. The associated minor phases, when galena was the major phase, were the lead compounds anglesite (PbSO 4 ) and/or cerussite (PbC0 3 ). These were usually present in small amounts (i.e., 1-2%) that suggested they were solely weathering products of the galena ore. In one sample, camphor (C 1 0H 1 6 0) Calcium 4% Boron 901o Zinc 13 ° /o Silicon I ran 201o 401o Lead 38 ° /o 30% Figure 1. Main elements of the major phase in the kohl samples listed in Tables I and II.