JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 132 APPARATUS • ICP-MS—Perkin Elmer Nexion 300X (Perkin Elmer, Shelton, CT) • Mercury cold vapor gold amalgamation atomic fl uorescence spectrometer (CVAFS)— Tekran 2600 (Tekran, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) • 60 ml Tefl on™ digestion vessels—Savillex 100% high purity (Savillex, Eden Prairie, MN) • 50 ml polypropylene centrifuge tubes—Tyco Healthcare Group metals-free grade with additional acid cleaning (Tyco Healthcare Group, Mansfi eld, MA) • 15 ml polypropylene centrifuge tubes—VWR International metals-free grade with additional acid cleaning (VWR International, Radnor, PA) REAGENTS AND REFERENCE MATERIALS High purity (18 MΩ-cm) deionized water was used throughout the study. Elemental stock, internal standard, and check solutions were prepared from commercial ICP-MS grade single-element analyte solutions (CPI International, Santa Rosa, CA). Secondary single-element standards used to monitor ICP-MS performance were obtained from Inor- ganic Ventures (Christiansburg, VA). The primary mercury stock standard was 1000 mg/kg (High Purity Standards, Charleston, SC) and a secondary mercury stock standard Table VIII. Elemental Results for 5 Lotions from 5 Manufacturers Manufacturer Brand Mean results (mg/kg)a As Cd Cr Co Pb Hg Ni U b TR NF NF NF NF NF 0.37 X b TR NF TR NF NF NF TR Y a TR NF TR TR 0.04 NF TR Z a 0.19 NF NF NF NF NF TR AA a TR NF NF NF NF NF TR NF: Not found, or less than detection limit TR: Trace, or greater than detection limit, but less than quanti- tation level. a Mean results of duplicate determinations. Table IX. Elemental Results for 5 Premium Lotions from 5 Manufacturers Manufacturer Brand Mean results (mg/kg)a As Cd Cr Co Pb Hg Ni A c 0.20 NF TR NF NF NF TR C a TR NF NF NF NF NF TR G a TR NF TR 0.11 NF NF TR N a TR NF TR 0.024 0.08 NF TR R a TR NF TR NF NF NF TR NF: Not found, or less than detection limit TR: Trace, or greater than detection limit, but less than quanti- tation level. a Mean results of duplicate determinations.

SURVEY OF COSMETICS FOR SEVEN INORGANIC ELEMENTS 133 was 100 mg/kg (Absolute Standards, Hamden, CT). Trace metal grade acids (nitric, hydrofl uoric, and hydrochloric) and reagent chemicals (hydroxylamine hydrochloride, stannous chloride, potassium bromide, potassium bromate) from Fisher Scientifi c (Pittsburgh, PA) and EMD Chemicals (Gibbstown, NJ) were used to prepare the fol- lowing standard, stock, sample, and reagent solutions: 25% hydroxylamine hydrochlo- ride (w/v) in 1% HCl, 25% stannous chloride (w/v) in 15% HCl, and bromine monochloride solution (1.5% potassium bromide and 1.1% potassium bromate in con- centrated HCl). Standard reference materials used were SRM 1643e, water SRM 1641d, mercury in water SRM 2702, inorganics in marine sediment SRM 695, trace elements in multi-nutrient fertilizer and SRM 1573a, tomato leaves, all obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, MD). Custom oil- based standards used were Conostan Oil Standard containing 1 μg/g As, Pb, Cd, and 5 μg/g Cr, Co, and Ni, obtained from SCP Science (Champlain, NY) and Mercury Custom Oil Standard containing 5 μg/g Hg, obtained from SPEX CertiPrep, Inc. Ta ble X. Elemental Results for 5 Lotions with Sunscreen from 4 Manufacturers Manufacturer Brand Mean results (mg/kg)a As Cd Cr Co Pb Hg Ni U a TR NF 0.17 0.045 0.10 NF TR U b TR NF TR NF NF NF TR BB a TR NF TR NF NF NF TR CC a TR NF TR 0.040 NF NF NF DD a TR NF TR 0.019 NF NF NF NF: Not found, or less than detection limit TR: Trace, or greater than detection limit, but less than quanti- tation level. a Mean results of duplicate determinations. Table XI. Elemental Results for 10 Mascaras from 10 Manufacturers Manufacturer Brand Mean results (mg/kg)a As Cd Cr Co Pb Hg Ni A a TR NF 0.26 12 0.06 NF 12 B a 0.35 NF 0.34 0.83 0.10 TR 2.0 C a 0.18 NF 5.8 2.1 0.08 NF 3.9 E a 0.20 NF 1.1 3.5 0.06 NF 2.6 G a TR NF 1.4 1.5 0.07 NF 0.84 H a TR NF 2.0 1.2 0.36 TR 1.7 I a TR NF 5.4 1.9 TR NF 11 J a 0.16 NF 0.4 4.8 0.14 NF 4.6 K a 0.34 NF 0.91 0.38 0.41 0.060 0.50 N a 0.21 NF 0.71 0.15 NF NF 0.80 NF: Not found, or less than detection limit TR: Trace, or greater than detection limit, but less than quanti- tation level. a Mean results of duplicate determinations.