570 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS facturing procedure, time, or tempera- ture--and could be useful only to an expert. The chapter on soaps and cleaners is occasionally difficult to read because formulas are broken up and the continuation may be found at the top of the next column or part way through, since the printing varies haphazardly from two columns per page to one. Chapter XII, "Pyrotechnics," is a disappointment because it is merely a detailed summary of one U.S. patent on halogenie smokes. Such a narrow phase of a subject should not have over 50 pages devoted to it. The formulas for the kinds of prod- ucts with which the writer is familiar appear reasonable and workable with the exception of artificial vanilla, page 28. Coumarin has been banned for use in foods as a toxic adulterant by the FDA and, of course, cannot be used. The cosmetic chemist will find in Chapter IV, "Cosmetics and Drugs," a wealth of information since it in- cludes typical formulations for almost every kind of cosmetic and toilet arti- cle which can serve as starting points for his own work, while the other chapters can supply new ideas and raw materials. Volume XIII of The Chemical Formulary is a valuable ad- dition to the shelf of the formulating chemist.--RIC•ARD K. LEoNE--Cy- anamid International. SCIENTISTS IN ORGANIZATIONS, by Donald C. Pelz and Frank M. Andrews. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y. 1966. 318 pages, indexed. Price $10. This volume describes the results of a massive study of scientists by two social psychologists. One may ex- pect that it will be much quoted and will become a major source of impor- tant information to managers of re- search and development groups. Ba- sically, the authors studied research personnel in industrial and govern- mental laboratories and in universi- ties. The subjects were 1311 scien- tists in 11 different laboratories. Scientists were rated according to their performance in four categories: scientific contributions, usefulness, patents, and unpublished reports. The ratings in the last two categories appear of minor interest, but the areas identified as scientific contributions and usefulness deserve careful scru- tiny. "Scientific contributions" refer to the man's own work to help the field move forward, regardless of whether anybody benefits from his activity. "Usefulness" refers to his value to the organization Mthin which he works, regardless of whether he himself performs the research or service. Ratings of these parameters were made by five judges, on the aver- age, selected from the scientists's peers within his own laboratory. These ratings were then combined by the "Ford" technique to yield percentile ranks. It is interesting to note that these two parameters generally run parallel and that one measurement might have been sufficient. One can, therefore, inquire whether these pa- rameters measure different character- istics of individuals or whether the judges tend to confuse these two par- ticular ratings.

JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CIII' MISTS 371 It is desirable, of course, to sur- round scientists with an environment which makes their performance as productive as possible. The findings of this study actually suggest manage- ment techniques which would allow a scientist to achieve his full potential. Interestingly enough, scientists per- form better when their activities were fairly thoroughly coordinated and when their "freedom" was somewhat linfited. Similarly, higher perform- ance was achieved whenever there was communication with colleagues and whenever the scientist was allowed to work on three or four research and development functions a sharp low- ering of performance was noted when- ever the number of functions exceeded four. Some other interesting findings reported by the authors concern the influence of the age of the scientists, the time spent in technical work, and laboratory conditions. In reviewing this massive accumu- lation of statistical data, one is struck by the fact that scientists appear to perform better if, as noted above, management employs certain admin- istrative techniques. The question arises whether it is legitimate to as- sume that the caliber of sceintists in the various laboratories is homoge- neous and that comparisons between different laboratories are meaningful. It is quite possible that good manage- ment practices attract or find the more highly endowed and effective scientist poorer management may be satisfied with less capable individuals. Although the book does not answer this puzzling problem, scientists and administrators can benefit much from this significant con tribu tion because it describes either hoxv to attract the well-performing scientist {•r h{nv to make scientists perform well. -hL 5i. Rmt•}•--Waruer-Lambcr t Research Institute. Cormore Cnr• msx•v, by A. Shelndko, Elsevier Publishing Company, Am- sterdam, London, New York. 1•66. 277 pages. Price $14.50. This book was devehq•ed from the lectures giveu by Dr. Shelndko, Pro- fessor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Sofia, Bulgaria. The Bulgarian text (1937-58) was revised and translated into Rnssian in 1960. This material was further revised in the translation to English. The sub- ject is developed from basic principles. Where needed, an adeqnate mathe- matical background is assumed. The whole exposition is very readable. Each chapter is well referenced. The index is confined to major topics only. It is an excellent book for use as a colloid text or as a small reference book. The chapter titles Prepara- tion and Purification of Lyophobic Colloidal Systems, The ()ptical Prop- erties of Colloids, The hIolecular Kinetic Properties of Colloidal Solu- tions, Physical Chemistry of Snrfaces, Electrokinetic Phenomena, Thin Layers, Stability of Lyophobic Sols, and Foams and Emulsions--give an idea of the scope of the book. Con- sidering the total size of the book, the coverage of the more applied areas of the last three chapters is very com- plete and is a remarkal)ly concise ex-