180 JOUBNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors gratefully note the review of this manuscript by Drs. A. R. Borgmann, O. J. Lorenzetti, and C. A. Robb. The permission of slit lamp man- ufacturers (Carl Zeiss, Inc., Bausch and Lomb, and Haig-Streit, Inc.) to re- produce photographs of instruments is appreciated. ( Received June 20, 1972 ) I•EFERENCES (1) Vogt, A., Lebrbruch und Atlas der Spaltlampenmikroskopie, Vol. 3, Springer, Berlin, 1931, pp. 1-227. (2) Goldmann, H., Biomicroscopy of the eye, Amer. J. Ophthalmol., 66, 789-812 (1968). (3) Hruby, K., Ueber eine wesentliche Vereinfachungder Untersuchimgstechnik des hin- tereu augenabschniltes im Lichthusche] der Spa]tlampe, Arch. Ophthalmol., 143, 224- 9 (1941). (4) Goldmann, H., An improved slit lamp apparatus, Brit. J. Ph!/siol., 13, 77-88 (1939). (5) Moses, R. A., The Goldmann app]anation tonometer, Amer. J. Ophthalmol., 46, 865- 9 (1958). (6) Jaeger, W., Tiefenmessung der menschlichen vorderlcanemer mir planparal]elen (Zu- satzgerat zur sp]atlampe), Graefe Arch. Ophthabno[., 153, 120-31 (1952). (7) Brown, N., Slit-image photography, Trans. Ophtha[mo[. Soc. UK, 89, 397-405 (1969). (8) Braley, A. E., Watzke, R. C., Allen, L., and Frazier, O., Sterescopic Atlas of Slit-Lamp Biomicro,copy, C. V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1970, pp. 1-115. (9) Berliner, M. L., Biomicroscopy of the Eye, Vol. 1, Cassel, London, England, 1949, pp. 100-26.

J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 24, 181-195 (March 2, 1973) Slit-Lamp Examination of Experimental Animal Eyes. II. Grading Scales and Photographic Evaluation of Induced Pathological Conditions It. A. BALDWIN, B.S.,* T. O. McDONALD, M.S.,* and C. H. BEASLEY, M.D.* Presented May 25, 1972, Seminar, Los Angeles, Calif. Synopsis-The SLIT LAMP has been shown to be a valuable tool for the examination of experimental animal EYES. With use of various techniques previously described, subtle as well as gross PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES in experimental eyes may be easily identified. These ocular pathological changes can be quantRated with numerical GRADING systems as outlined in this manuscript. These subjective grades center around the cornea, anterior chamber, iris, and lens. Ocular pathological changes can be documented by PHOTO- GRAPHING with the aid of a photoslit lamp. The use of stereophotography can be most useful because it gives the illusion of depth as one normally sees with the stereoptic vision of the slit lamp. INTRODUCTION Throughout the years various chemical entities have been studied in ani- mals prior to becoming either a useful therapeutic medicament or one of many thousands of compounds found to be too toxic or ineffective for use in humans. Animal models have also been devised in order to study similarities and differences between the natural or induced disease state and similar dis- * Science and Technology Division, Alcon Laboratories, Inc., P.O. Box 1959, Fort Worth, Tex. 76101. l' 1212 West Presidio, Fort Worth, Tex. 181