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j. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 30, 357-367 (November 1979) Factors influencing the anti-perspirant action of aluminum salts ERHARD H•)LZLE Department of Dermatology, University of Munich, Munich, IVest Germany and ALBERT M. KLIGMAN, Department of Dermatology, Duhring Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Received May 11, 1979. Presented at Annual Scientific Seminar, Society of Cosmetic Chemists, May 3-4, 1979, Dallas, Texas. Synopsis We sought to enhance the ANTIPERSPIRANT ACTIVITY OF ALUMINUM SALTS by various measures: (1) OCCLUSION greatly promoted anhidrosis in comparison to frequent open applications, (2) IONTOPHORETIC APPLICATION of various concentrations of aluminum salts paradoxically failed to inhibit sweating, (3) DELIPIDIZING the skin with fat solvents had no effect, (4) SURFACTANTS at non-irritating concentrations did not enhance the antiperspirant effect, (5) MASSAGING for 10 min during repeated applications greatly intensified the antiperspirant effect, and (6) the antiperspirant effect of aluminum chloride was completely abolished when the subject was SWEATING during the exposure. Brief sweating prior to exposure greatly increased sweat suppression. INTRODUCTION Salts of aluminum are the chief components of proprietary antiperspirants for the control of axillary sweating. With the exception of aluminum chloride which is damaging to skin and clothing, most formulated antiperspirants cause less than 50% sweat suppression even with frequent use. Proprietary antiperspirants are virtually useless for hyperhidrotic persons. However, Shelley & Hurley (1) showed how a dry axilla could be procured using a system which combined three elements, viz., (1) a concentrated (25%) solution of aluminum chloride, (2) application at bedtime when the glands are dormant and (3) occlusive application. Reller (2) demonstrated that axillary sweating was influenced by a surprising variety of factors. It made a difference whether the subjects were sitting or lying. Just crossing the legs caused an immediate decrease. Other important factors were emotions, humidity and temperature. All three stimulated sweating. A broad goal of our research is the development of more effective ways to control axillary sweating. In the work preceding this one (3), we found that aluminum chloride induced anhidrosis by damaging the acrosyringium (the intraepidermal portion of the sweat duct), accompanied by the formation of an obstruction within the duct. The 357