JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 32 have been used to show the potential that active agents have for achieving and stabilizing hair alignment. GG has been shown to improve hair alignment and increase the pliability of the hair, thereby creating hair softness. For the fi rst time, the cortex CMC has been directly implicated as a contributor to hair properties in the low strain region and as a target for the plasticizing action of GG. It is proposed that the stabilization of the hair alignment occurs through hydrogen bonding between GG and proteins of the hair. On drying, GG also improves the pliability of individual fi bers. The results of this study clearly show the benefi ts of utilizing GG as an ad- ditive for hair care products and the properties imparted by this additive indicate a total caring effect from the wet to dry states of hair. That these effects are so readily perceivable also high- lights the sensitivity of the human sense of touch to small changes in fi ber properties. APPENDIX KENDALL’S COEFFICIENT OF CONCORDANCE Kendall’s coeffi cient of concordance, W, is a useful measure of the degree of agreement among a number of judges (p) assessing a given set of n variables, i (13). The value of W varies between 0 and 1, where 0 indicates no agreement and 1 indicates unanimous agree- ment. The coeffi cient of concordance may be calculated by (14) 2 3 12S ( ) W p n n , (1) where S is the sum of the squared deviations, according to 1 ( )2 n i i S R R ¦ , (2) where Ri is the sum of each rank and R is the mean of the Ri values. From W, it is pos- sible to obtain a value for Friedman’s χ2 distribution statistic (15) via F 2 ( 1)W. p n (3) If the number of judges, p, and the number of variables, n, are above 15 and 4, respectively, Friedman’s χ2 is asymptotically distributed like χ2 with (n − 1) degrees of freedom (13) and the signifi cance level can be obtained from p tables (16), based on this approximation. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Dr. Bernd Noecker, of Kao Germany GmbH, Darmstadt, for valuable discus- sions and support for this work and Mr. Shunichi Watanabe, of Kao Corporation, Tokyo, for the initial contributing experiments in this fi eld.

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