72 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS ments of defence and space exploration, have made both these jobs increas- ingly challenging. Our internal responsibility requires that we maintain our personal technical competence and judgment at the highest level. The very bulk of new developments, however, is rapidly making it impossible for any individual to be thoroughly informed in all fields of interest to the cosmetic industry. Cosmetic science has become highly diversified and interdisciplinary to a point that few would have predicted when the Society was founded. It now involves large areas of physical and colloid chemistry, organic chemistry, theology, polymer science, biochemistry and phar- macology, to name just a few. It also encompasses many mechanical arts and even mathematical areas such as statistics and computation. In a short while we can be sure this list will be expanded still further. The scientific literature relating to all these areas has grown to a state where it is surveyable only in small sections, despite the solid advances that have been made in information retrieval. Thus, the problems themselves have become more complex, and the tools with which we attack them are more difficult to locate. This situation can be met and fought in a number of ways. One, which I'd like to mention briefly, is the team concept. Here the individual sci- entist expands his expertness in a relatively restricted area but maintains an awareness and a reasonable understanding of other areas involved in the team effort, so that he becomes an effective team member. This approach requires not only good experimenters but good leaders and offers great opportunities for leadership at all levels. Effective team leaders, in addition to being broad-gauged scientists, must learn many of the man- agerial arts. It is noteworthy that more and more companies in this industry have at least one man of technical background in their top manage- ment group. Thus our internal challenges in cosmetic research open up new internal opportunities, a fortunate situation which doesn't by any means exist in all industries. With regard to attracting and training good men, the challenge may be even greater than it is internally. We have certainly come a long way since the late Emil Klarmann, in his 1947 Presidential address to this Society--then two years old--remarked on the "existence of an attitude in some quarters that treats our industry and the efforts of its technical staffs with some condescension, or even worse." This is no longer a problem, thanks very largely to the efforts of this Society and its individual members and their achievements. But the R&D explosion has brought several new problems and intensified some old ones. First of all, much of the new basic knowledge and many of the new experimental techniques have been de- veloped in the academic world. The best graduate students come "factory equipped" with this knowledge, putting both them and their teachers in considerable demand. The young graduate is offering his services in a seller's market.

14TH MEDAL AWARD 73 Along with this has come a change in the attitude toward basic science and a great increase in the support which it can command from Govern- mental and other non-industrial sources. The professional relationship between young scientists and any industry they might enter has always presented some knotty problems, which stem from the essential difference between academic goals and industrial goals. It often requires consider- able reorientation of the academic scientists' sense of values before he be- comes a good industrial man. Today, if he cannot reorient, or does not want to, he has many more opportunities than he formerly had to do academic work. Aside from the research institutions, many of the newer glamor industries (ours is, of course, the only real and original one) tempt the young graduate by offering an academic atmosphere. We cannot, and do not really want to, compete with universities or other institutions doing basic work. But among young chemists who knowingly choose an industrial career, we, the cosmetic industry, must still compete with a wide range of other industries. Most of these are prepared to re- cruit vigorously, and they include such contenders as the chemicals industry itself, whose products are rated by technical specifications rather than by the taste or approbation of the general public. Industries of this type tend to make the young scientist feel safer and more at home. But in recruiting, just as in appraising our own internal situation, we emphasize the opportunities and rewards of a scientific career in the cosmetic industry. In brief, they might be enumerated as follows: 1. Service in a constructive industry, that directly feeds one of the finer human urges toward good appearance and personal attractiveness. 2. An ever-increasing array of interesting problems, spanning and going deeply into many disciplines. 3. The opportunity and demand for creativity in devising new prod- ucts and in transferring new basic discoveries to practical utilization. The transfer of new science to technology has been recognized by the President's Science Advisory Committee as a much desired economic stimulus, and the cosmetic industry has a remarkably good record in this regard. 4. The opportunity to work closely with management and to integrate the technical effort with the company effort. 5. Finally, but most important, as fine a group of knowledgeable, productive, cooperative and stimulating colleagues as any industry can boast a group I feel truly fortunate to belong to, and whose esteem, as expressed in this Award this evening, makes me very proud.