JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 286 With the number of participants who gave a tip, a loglinear analysis of the 2 (patron gender) × 2 (experimental condition) × 2 (compliance) design was performed. A signifi - cant interaction effect between the experimental conditions and the patrons’ behaviors was observed, revealing that, overall, patrons tipped the waitress while she was wearing makeup more often than when she was not wearing makeup (χ2(1, N = 174) = 4.16, p = .04, r = .15). However, this signifi cance was found only with male patrons (χ2(1, N = 112) = 4.51, p = .03, r = .20), not with female patrons (χ2(1, N = 62) = 0.20, ns, r = .06). Finally, a near signifi cant main effect of gender on tipping behavior was found: male pa- trons gave tips more often than female patrons (χ2(1, N = 174) = 3.68, p = .06, r = .14). With the 70 patrons who gave tips, a 2 (patron gender) × 2 (experimental condition) ANOVA analysis was performed with the amount of money given as the dependent var- iable. A slightly main effect of the experimental condition was found (F(1, 66) = 3.45, p = .07, eta2 = .05), whereas neither the effect of participant gender nor the interaction between participant gender and experimental condition was signifi cant (p .20). However, when considering each group according to gender, it was found that male patrons participating in the makeup condition gave more money to the waitress than they did in the non- makeup control condition (t(49) = 2.34, p. = .02, d = .67). No signifi cant difference was found when comparing the female patrons in the two experimental conditions (t(17) = 1.09, ns, d = .53). With the ratings of physical attractiveness of the waitress, a 2 (tipping behavior) × 2 (patron gender) × 2 (experimental condition) ANOVA analysis was performed. A main effect of the experimental condition was found (F(1, 166) = 60.77, p .001, eta2 = .27), revealing that the rating of physical attractiveness was higher in the makeup condition (M = 6.17) than in the non-makeup control condition (M = 6.17). A main effect of tip- ping behavior was found (F(1, 166) = 8.27, p .001, eta2 = .05): participants who had given a tip to the waitress rated her more favorably (M = 6.04) than participants who had not given a tip (M = 5.38). A main effect of participant gender was found (F(1, 166) = 20.55, p .001, eta2 = .11), revealing that men’s ratings of physical attractiveness were higher (M = 5.86) than women’s ratings (M = 5.12). Two-way interaction analysis re- vealed no signifi cant effect (p .10 in each case), whereas the three-way interaction ap- peared to be near signifi cant (F(1, 166) = 3.46, p = .06, eta2 = .02). Table I Percent of Customers Who Gave a Tip and Amount of Tip Given According to Experimental Condition and Sex of Customer Male patrons Female patrons Makeup No makeup Makeup No makeup N = 58 N = 54 N = 30 N = 32 Percentages of patrons who gave a tip 55.2% (32/58) 32.2% (19/54) 33.3% (10/30) 28.1% (9/32) Mean (SD in brackets) of amount of tip given (in euros) 1.61 (0.81) 1.12 (0.74) 1.15 (0.34) 1.00 (0.25) Mean (SD in brackets) of rating of physical attractiveness of waitress Among participants who gave a tip 6.63 (0.75) 5.68 (0.74) 6.00 (0.67) 4.77 (0.67) Among participants who did not give a tip 6.19 (0.80) 5.00 (0.77) 5.5 (0.69) 4.96 (0.71)

MAKEUP AND TIPPING 287 In order to test the relation between the three independent variables, correlational analy- ses were performed according to participant gender and experimental condition. Results of the analyses are presented in Table II. As we can see, the relation between the dependent variables is signifi cant and positive only when considering men’s behavior and their rating of physical attractiveness, whereas for women, most of the relations, although non-signifi cant, went in the opposite direction. To test whether the rating of attractiveness mediates the effect of makeup on tipping, a statistical mediation analysis (10) was performed. The results of the mediation analysis are illustrated in Figure 1. As can be seen, makeup signifi cantly correlated with tipping behavior (B = .15, ES = .07, t = −1.99, p = .05). It was also found that makeup was signifi cantly related to attractive- ness ratings (B = 1.05, ES = .13, t = 8.43, p .001) and that attractiveness ratings sig- nifi cantly correlated with tipping (B = .18, ES = .04, t = 4.10, p .001). When controlling the attractiveness rating, it was observed that makeup did not appear to cor- relate with tipping (B = .04, ES = .08, t = .47, ns), suggesting that the relation between the independent variable (make up condition) and the dependent variable (tipping behav- ior) was mediated by the attractiveness rating of the waitress. The same mediation analysis was performed with the amount of tipping as the dependent variable. The results of the mediation analysis are illustrated in Figure 2. Makeup signifi cantly correlated with the amount of the tip (B = .42, ES = .16, t = −2.59, p = .02). Makeup was also found to significantly correlate with the attractiveness rating (B = 1.08, ES = .19, t = 5.57, p .001) and that the attractiveness rating significantly correlated with the amount of the tip (B = .29, ES = .09, t = 3.14, p .01). When controlling the attractiveness rating, it was shown that makeup did not correlate with the amount of tip (B = .12, ES = .18, t = .66, ns) suggesting that the relation between the independent variable (makeup condition) and the depen- dent variable (amount of tipping) was mediated by the attractiveness rating of the waitress. Separate mediation analyses were performed with male and female patron data. It was found that attractiveness mediated the relation between makeup and tipping behavior only when considering male patron data both with tipping behavior and the amount of tipping. However, such a mediating effect was not found when considering female patron data, with both the two latter dependent variables considered. Table II Bravais-Pearson Correlation Between Tipping Behavior, Amount of Tip, and Rating of the Waitress’s Physical Attractiveness According to Experimental Condition and Sex of Customer Male patrons Female patrons Makeup No makeup Makeup No makeup Tipping/physical attractiveness r(56) = .27 r(52) = .40 r(28) =.34 r(30) =−.12 p = .04 p. .005 ns ns Amount of tipping/physical attractiveness r(30) = .49 r(17) =.82 r(8) = −.49 r(7) = −.38 p .005 p .001 ns ns