FREE RADICALS AND NATURAL SUBSTANCES IN PELOIDS 83 Table XI Compounds Identifi ed in the Polar Fractions of the WM Peloid Entry Fraction Class of compounds Compound(s) Extraction yield 1 EtOAc Alkanes Dodecane 0.01 Nonadecane 1.9 × 10−3 2,3-Dimethylundecane 0.03 3,7,11-Trimethyldecane 4.3 × 10−3 Alkanols Dodecan-1-ol 4.8 × 10−3 2-Methylhexadecan-1-ol 0.02 2-Butyl-ocatan-1-ol 5.7 × 10−3 Aromatics hydrocarbons p-Xylene 2.3 × 10−3 Phenols Phenol 0.01 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde 0.01 Salicylic acid 0.03 Alkaloids Colchicine 0.04 Terpenoids Limonene 3.2 × 10−3 Acids and derivatives Butyl acetate 0.02 2-amino-4-mercaptobutyric ac. 3.4 × 10−3 2 Acetone Alkanes Dodecane 0.05 Alkenes isoprene 0.02 Heicos-10-ene 0.01 Hexadec-9-en-1-ol 0.02 Alkanols Octan-1,2-diol 0.01 Icosan-1-ol 0.22 5-Methylicosan-1-ol 0.16 Nonadecan-1-ol 0.05 Alkaloids colchicine 0.01 Terpenoids β-Carotene 0.14 α-Tocopherol 0.50 Acids and derivatives Oleic acid 0.04 Dioctyl adipate 0.30 Hex-2-enylhexanoate 0.10 3 MeOH Alkanes Dodecane 0.01 Alkenes Nonadec-1-ene 0.23 Henicos-10-ene 0.21 Alkanols Icosan-1-ol 0.12 Alkaloids Colchicine 0.01 Terpenoids α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) 0.05 δ-Tocopherol (vitamin E) 0.06 Miscellanea Isonicotinic acid 0.03 Inorganic compounds Hexathione n.d Octathione n.d a Yield is defi ned as milligram of compounds per gram of WM sample. n.d. not determined ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS BY 31 P-MNR SPECTROSCOPY Phospholipids improve the drug delivery and therapeutic effi cacy in pelotherapy (60). 31 P-NMR spectroscopy has been used for the analysis of phospholipids in extracts of bio- logical tissues (61), and oils (62), with or without sample purifi cation (63). Pioneering studies of the composition of phospholipids in peloids of the spring pool Bagnaccio have been previously reported only by use of TLC (13). To apply 31 P-NMR spectroscopy for the analysis of DM and WM peloids, the samples were treated as reported for the analysis of

JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 84 Table XII Compounds Identifi ed in the Three Nonpolar Fractions of the WM Peloid Entry Fraction Class of compounds Compound(s) Extraction yield 1 n-Heptane Alkanes Nonane 6.2 × 10−3 Decane 2.8 × 10−3 Dodadecane 0.01 Pentadecane 0.01 Hexadecane 0.01 Octadecane 2.0 × 10−3 Icosane 1.0 × 10−3 3,5-Dimethyloctane 8.8 × 10−3 Alkenes Oct-1-ene 1.8 × 10−3 Dodec-1-ene 2.2 × 10−3 Tridec-1-ene 4.6 × 10−3 Pentadec-1-ene 0.02 Tetradec-1-ene 2.2 10−3 Nonadec-1-ene 2.1 × 10−3 Alkanols Undecan-1-ol 7.0 × 10−3 Tetradecan-1-ol 2.2 × 10−3 Pentadecan-1-ol 2.3 × 10−3 Octadecan-1-ol 2.2 × 10−3 Tridecan-1-ol 0.01 2 Cyclohexane Alkanes Decane 0.06 Undecane 0.08 Tridecane 0.01 Pentadecane 0.04 Hexadecane 0.02 2,4-Dimethylhexane 0.01 3,5-Dimethyloctane 0.01 Alkenes Tridec-1-ene 0.06 Pentadec-1-ene 0.11 Alkanols Tridecan-1-ol 0.01 2-propenyl-pentan-1-ol 0.10 Octadecan-1-ol 0.02 Miscellanea Dodecanal 0.05 3 Diisopropylether Alkanes Dodecane 0.01 Hexadecane 0.02 Octadecane 0.09 Icosane 0.05 Tetracosane 0.13 Octacosane 0.12 Alkanols Tetradecan-1-ol 0.06 Octadecan-1-ol 0.04 Acids and derivatives Enoic acid 0.02 Dodecanoic acid 0.05 Methyl oleate 0.01 Isopropyl palmitate 0.20 Tetradecyl tetradecanoate 0.09 a Yield is defi ned as milligram of compounds per gram of WM sample. soybean emulsions (64). The analysis was performed in CDCl3, MeOH, and cesium- EDTA (1:1:1 w/w ratio total volume 1.5 ml), in the presence of triphenyl methane as internal standard.