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ß INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF COSMETICS AND OILS 257 ß ?:. Although the number of applications of infrared spectroscopy in this :ij::field are unlimited, such as easy detection of adulteration (Fig. 7 shows the i:':: :! adulteration of olibanum oil with 20% diethyl phthalate, which may be ?,.added to retard evaporation of odorants), identification, analysis of mix- '75': tures, control of raw materials and plant production, only three typical •i!i:i problems will be discussed in order to illustrate the analytical approach ,i .'i. made possible through the use of infrared spectroscopy. ii•: (a) Methyl-lonones ?:11: Figure 8 shows a series of alpha-ionones and the commonly used gamma- . •onones. All of these were of generally accepted degree of purity as 'obtained from various sources. The significant differences in intensities of bands at various wavelengths indicate that none of these materials is 100% 5 pure and contains more or less isomeric compounds and intermediate products from the processes of purification. ':"' (b) C-10 Essential Z%ohols :':' A very frequent problem in the essential oil industry is the evaluation :.: of the C-10 alcohols as shown below. :' Citronellol CHa--C-- CH=--CH•_--CH=--CH-- CH2--CH=--OH : CH• CHa OH Linalool CHa--C•-CH--CHr--CH•-- C--CH= CH2 ?: CH3 CHa Geraniol CHa-- C•--CH--CH=--C H2--C• CH-- CH=--OH (trans.) CIH= I CH, Nerol CHa--C•CH--CH=--CH2--C=CH--CH2--OH (cis) I CHa Rhodinol CHa--C=CH--CH•--CH•--CH--CH•--CH•--OH CHa CHa Figure 9 shows spectra of fairly high degree purity samples of these compounds. The location of infrared absorption bands from these materials can be assigned to the following functional groups and vibrations in these molecules. Figures 10 and 11 show how some commercial grade citronellols, rho- dinols, and geraniols vary in composition of isomers and impurities present. From the preceding band assignments, one can draw the following con- clusions: 1. Terminal unsaturation, such as in linalool, can be readily differen- tiated from double bonds in the chain of the molecule at several useful wave- lengths. 2. Tertiary and secondary hydroxyl groups will also give characteristic