64 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS As one glances over the names of the contributors, there are many well-known ones. So, we can ex- pect an authoritative presentation. Thus, one finds the perennial cham- pions of hexachlorophene, iodine, the "quats," the phenolics, and halo- gens to mention the more common ones. This reviewer cannot resist ask- ing the question, "Does one get the unbiased facts on a subject from a person who is a strong proponent of that subject?" Then another ques- tion must be asked, "Who knows most about a given subject if not the person who has made a long study of it?" These two questions are a little paradoxical. Their res- olution will probably never be pos- sible. With this background, let's expmine the book. Reddish's historical chapter is an excellent one. But on page 16 it is stated that tincture of iodine was introduced in 1830. Gershenfeld, on page 172, says it was 1860. Much of Gershenfelds' chapter has appeared previously in journals and is available as a reprint from the Iodine Educational Bureau. Block brings together many val- uable data on industrial preserva- tives. Cosmetics are covered in- cluding the common preservatives. However, DCMX and PCMX, de- hydroacetic and sorbic acids are not mentioned in this chapter although Klarmann and Wright mention the chlorinated compounds in their scholarly contribution on the phe- nolics. Cade's effort on essential oils is interesting because they have been time-honored germ killers or inhib- itors. Knowing their compositions today, it is little wonder they were so highly prized. Though short, the chapter seems to cover the sub- ject adequately. However, Cade is more in his element in an earlier chapter co-authored by Gump on the "Bis-Phenolics." Though not specifically mentioned the other chapters are equally good. Husa's chapter on antiseptic oint- ments is scanty and does not in- clude the fine work on ointment bases done by Strakosch, Halpern, and Lee to name a few. There are a few inconsistencies in style as "micro-organism" in Price's chapter and "microorganism" in the others. References in the text are handled differently by the authors. And while on this sub- ject, it is unfortunate the Chemical /lbstracts' methods of listing refer- ences was not followed. The subject index needs expan- sion to an embarassing degree. Un- less one knows where the informa- tion might be, it would never be found if only the index were used. As an example, one cannot locate hand washing technics from the in- dex though they are discussed in several places. Index writing is truly a difficult task. But for the index, these are minor faults. All can be corrected in a subsequent edition which, one is certain, this book will enjoy. The price is nominal so that all in this industry should have it. Answering the questions put forth earlier in this review, one must ad- mit that experts wrote each chapter and that they displayed scientific impartiality, whenever the facts were concerned.--M. G. DeNAvAP, P,E AMERlCaS CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, by Williams Haynes, in six volumes. D. Van Nostrand Co., New York 3, N.Y., 1954. 3377 pages, illustrated and indexed. Price $76 the set or $15 per single volume. One must love the work to write a history of the chemical industry that takes ten years to complete. Few in the industry, if any, have

BOOK REVIEWS 65 the background of author Haynes formerly publisher of Chemical In- dustry, a chemical trade journal. It was William Hale who sold Haynes the idea that he should com- plete a task started earlier by the now deceased Charles Herty and Francis Garvin. Haynes' long as- sociation in the chemical industry gave him intimate knowledge of much valuable information. Even so, it would be a long and costly labor. Therefore, help from the in- dustry was sought and obtained. First the late Dr. Willard Dow of- fered to defi'ay a part of the expense. He was followed by Edgar Queeny (St.). Eventually funds came from practically all the industry. Author Haynes points out in his "To the Reader" preface that he realizes that even in the pages taken up in the present volumes, he is unable to do the exhaustive treat- ment that he would like. Volume I gives the background and beginnings of the American chemical industry from 1608 to 1910. Let me recite a few of the "firsts" in the United States. The first glass works in 1608 at Jamestown Cambridge College es- tablished in 1637 and changed to Harvard in 1638 upon receipt of oe 779 and400 volumes Ben Frank- lin and father made soap and candles in 1716 first course in chemistry taught at Kings College 1767 first chemistry book in U.S. was pub- lished in 1770 the first chemical so- ciety (of the world) was founded in Philadelphia in 1792 Colgate starts business 1806 Chevreul made his studies of fats and oils and of saponi- fication in 1811 first peppermint oil distilled 1812 in Connecticut first canned goods made in 1819 and the U.S.P. was first issued in 1820 B&O the first U.S. passenger rail- road in 1828 1829 coconut oil was introduced into soapmaking 1837 P&G, and in 1840 Emery, started to make soap and candles Kohn- stamm started making ultramarine in 1851 American Pharmaceutical Association formed in 1852 New Jersey Zinc Company started in 1854 first liquid soap patented in 1865 William R. Warner started in 1866 Vaseline first made by Chesebrough in 1870, and in 1871 Fritzsche-Schimmel and Company was formed. Lehn and Fink started in 1874 Turkey Red Oil was first made in 1876, the same year Eli Lilly Company started Synfleur Scientific Laboratories in 1889 cam- phor was first synthesized Jn 1896 in 1900 Heyden started to make sal- icylic acid 1901 and 1902 Monsanto started making saccharin and vanil- lin respectively Van Dyk and Com- pany started in 1902, the year the first movie house opened Seydel, J. T. Baker and Naugatuck started in 1904 the Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906 in 1907, du Pont was sued by the government as a monopoly and in 1910 the Ameri- can Oil Chemists Society was formed. These are just a few of the high- lights out of Volume ! which covers a period from 1608 to 1910. Volume II takes in World War I from 1912 to 1922 wherein it is clearly shown how the chemical in- dustry of the United States was to- tally unprepared for war. The great need for any and all chemicals gave many companies the backing needed to guarantee later growth. Volume III continues a discus- sion of the problems of the new in- dustry. It includes a chapter on page 327 on natural and synthetic aromatic materials including the influence of men like Von Isakovics, Van Dyk, Isermann, Dodge, Burton Bush, the Fries brothers, Ittner, Felton, and many others. Volume IV covers the "Merger Era" through 1930. This was in-