ANTIPERSPIRANT EFFICACY 143 2• 22, 20, 18, ½16, •14 ø12 olO, 8, 6 4 I I I I I I ß I I I I I I I I I ,- A B C I I I I ! I 0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 ß 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Right/Left Sweating Ratios Figure 1. Distribution of R/L sweating ratios of right-handed and left-handed individuals Left-handed panelists .... Right-handed panelists A. Mean left-h,anded B. Mean left- and right-handed C. Mean right-handed Ratios are always calculated by dividing milligrams of sweat collected from test (treated or to-be-treated) (T) axilla by that collected from the con- tro1 (untreated) (C) axilla. This procedure provides an estimation o{ per cent reduction. Data will be presented which indicate that the values ob- tained are very similar to those determined by direct comparisons between milligrams o{ sweat collected {rom treated and untreated axillae. In order to illustrate the sensitivity of a procedure dependent on the utili- zation of shifts in sweating ratios to evaluate reductions in sweating ratios,

144 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS T, able III Unadiusted and Adjusted Control Sweating Ratios Collection Panelist No. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Unadjusted lB 1C 2B 2C 3B 3C 4B 4C Mean 1.272 0.953 0.913 0.717 0.927 0.602 1.230 1.053 1.028 0.836 0.688 1.169 1.541 1.111 0.916 0.862 0.991 0.722 1.005 0.961 0.941 0.801 0.723 1.072 1.271 1.203 0.746 0.831 1.098 0.730 1.051 1.238 1.094 0.705 0.692 1.245 1.440 1.358 0.887 0.816 1.121 0.801 1.013 1.171 1.014 0.710 0.625 1.348 1.297 0.'852 0.775 0.625 1.074 0.921 1.313 1.191 0.931 0.895 0.645 1.183 1.412 0.901 0.896 0.665 1.168 0.817 0.947 1.116 0.931 0.792 0.540 1.249 1.421 0.946 1.070 0.598 1.018 0.727 0.990 0.966 1.305 0.860 0.756 1.369 1.381 1.053 0.986 0.580 1.051 0.834 0.853 0.936 1.090 0.727 0.•87 1.312 1.379 1.047 0.898 0.711 1.056 0.769 1.050 1.079 1.041 0.790 0.669 1.243 Adjusted lB 0.922 0.910 1.017 1.008 0.878 0.783 1.171 0.976 1C 1.117 1.061 1.020 1.212 0.938 0.939 0.957 0.891 2B 0.922 1.149 0.831 1.169 1.040 0.949 1.001 1.147 2C 1.044 1.297 0.988 1.148 1.062 1.042 0.965 1.085 3B 0.941 0.814 0.863 0.879 1.017 1.19'8 1.250 1.104 3C 1.024 0.861 0.998 0.935 1.106 1.062 0.902 1.034 4B 1.030 0.904 1.192 0.841 0.964 0.945 0.943 0.895 4C 1.001 1.006 1.098 0.816 0.995 1.085 0.812 0.867 Mean 1.000 1.000 1.001 1.001 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Std. dev. 0.063 0.152 0.109 0.147 0.067 0.117 0.134 0.101 Std. error 0.022 0.054 0.039 0.052 0.024 0.041 0.047 0.036 Mean 1.000 Standard error of mean of all values 0.011 0.988 1.058 1.028 0.940 0.904 1.014 1.081 0.862 1.051 0.892 1.034 1.002 0.974 0.899 0.934 1.084 0.894 1.133 0.964 0.952 0.894 1.003 0.807 1.005 1.254 1.089 1.130 1.101 1.047 0.920 1.027 1.056 1.001 1.001 1.001 1.000 0.113 0.084 0.093 0.075 0.040 0.030 0.033 0.027 Table III shows a set of control sweating ratios which was taken from a ran- domly selected study. This table presents 8 individual control sweating ratios from each of 12 panelists, the mean control sweating ratios, and the individual control sweating ratios oeol]owing adjustment by dividing them by the indi- vidual panelists' mean control ratios. The mean adjusted control ratio by this procedure will always be 1.000, but the standard deviations ooe individual ra- tios adjusted to a uniform base ooe 1.000 will vary. The group mean and the standard error ooe the mean of the adiusted control ratios are shown. These values are used in calculating the sweat reduction values and their confidence limits in actual evaluations of antiperspirant activity. Since evaluations are based on individual post-treatment days, the standard error oeor each post- treatment day should be taken as a truer estimation of test sensitivity-ap- proximately -+5% at the 95% confidence level. This represents data from only 12 panelists. With larger panels the sensitivity is considerably greater.