150 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS room equipped with a well ventilated hood (laminar flow-type recommended) for handling the carcinogens used as positive controls in all tests. A well ventilated chemical hood or preferably a glove box is required for preparing stock solutions of carcinogens. Separate incubators are used exclusively for genetic toxicology testing. CONCLUSIONS Based on the published data and our evaluation process, the Ames test, the PolA test and the D-4 test appear to be the most useful microbial genetic toxicology tests of the tests examined. More significantly, these results emphasize the importance of continu- ing the evaluation of various genetic toxicology tests to characterize the best tests available. We are currently in the process of examining tests using mammalian cells in culture. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We thank M. L. Augustine and F. Yackovich for excellent technical assistance. REFERENCES (1) J. Donahue, Report on SCC Annual Scientific Seminar, Soap Cosmet. Chem. Specialt., 1978, 28 (July, 1978). (2) D. Anderson, An appraisal of the current state of mutagenicity testing, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 29, 207-233 (1978). (3) A. C. Kolbye, Regulatory considerations concerning mutagenesis,J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 29, 727-732 (1978). (4) W. J. Flamm, Approaches to determining the mutagenic properties of chemicals: risk to future generations,J. Envir. PathoL Toxicol., 1,301-352 (1977). (5) Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Food and Drug Administration, Chemical compounds in food-producing animals: Criteria and procedures for evaluating assays for carcinogenic residues, Federal Register, 44, 17070-17114 (1979). (6) International study of short-term carcinogenicity tests, Nature, 274, 740-741 (1978). (7) L. A. Poirier and F.J. deSerres, Initial National Cancer Institute Studies on Mutagenesis as a Prescreen for Chemical Carcinogens: An appraisal,J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 62,919-926 (1979). (8) R. S. Huleatt, Product safety literature searches, Database, 1, 26-33 (December, 1978). (9) B. N. Ames,J. McCann and E. Yamasaki, Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test, Murat. Res., 31,347-364 (1975). (10) J. McCann, E. Choi, E. Yamasaki and B. N. Ames, Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: assay of 300 chemicals, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 72, 5135-5139 (1975). (11) J. McCann and B. N. Ames, Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: assay of 300 chemicals: discussion, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 73,950-954 (1976). (12) T. Sugimura, M. Nagao, T. Matsushima, T. Yahagi and K. Hayashi, Recent findings on the relation between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, Nucl. Acids Res. Special Publication, 3, s41-s44 (1977). (13) I. F. H. Purchase, E. Longstaff, J. Ashby, J. A. Styles, D. Anderson, P. A.Leferre and F. R. Westwood, Evaluation of six short term tests for detecting organic chemical carcinogens and recommendations for their use, Br.J. Cancer, 37,873-930 (1978). (14) B. Commoner, Reliability of bacterial mutagenesis techniques to distinguish carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic chemicals, Report EPA-600/1-76-022, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1976. (15) V. F. Simmon, In vitro mutagenicity assays of chemical carcinogens and related compounds with Salmonella typhimurium,J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 62,893-899 (1979).

MICROBIAL GENETIC TOXICOLOGY TESTS 151 (16) E. E. Slater, M.D. Anderson and H. S. Rosenkranz, Rapid detection of mutagens and carcinogens, Cancer Res., 31,970-973 (1971). (17) T. Kada, K. Tutikawa and Y. Sadale, In vitro and host-mediated rec-assay procedures for screening chemical mutagens and phloxine, a mutagenic red dye detected, Mutat. Res., 16, 165-174 (1972). (18) D. Ichinotsubo, H. F. Mower, J. Setlift and M. Mandel, the use of rec-- bacteria for testing of carcinogenic substances, Mutat. Res., 46, 53-62 (1977). (19) D. S. Longnecker, T. J. Curphey, S. T. James, D. S. Daniel and N.J. Jacobs, Trial of a bacterial screening system for rapid detection of mutagens and carcinogens, Cancer Res., 34, 1658-1663 (1974). (20) H. S. Rosenkranz, B. Gutter and W. T. Speck, Mutagenicity and DNA-modifying activity: a comparison of two microbial assays, ]•lutat. Res., 41, 61-70 (1976). (21) H. S. Rosenkranz and L. A. Poirier, Evaluation of the mutagenicity and DNA-modifying activity of carcinogens and noncarcinogens in microbial systems,J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 62,873-892 (1979). (22) F. K. Zimmermann, Procedures used in the induction of mitotic recombination and mutation in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mutat. Res., 31, 71-86 (1975). (23) D. F. Brusick and V. W. Mayer, New developments in mutagenicity screening techniques with yeast, Environ. Health Prespect., 6, 83-96 (1973). (24) P.J. Davies, W. E. Evans and J. M. Parry, Mitotic Recombination induced by chemical and physical agents in the yeast Sacchatomyces cerevisiae, Mutat. Res., 29, 301-314 (1975). (25) M. A. Hannan, L. H. Hurley and C. Gairola, Mutagenic and recombinogenic effects of the antitumor antibiotic anthramycin, Cancer Res., 38, 2795-2798 (1978). (26) D. Brusick and H. Andrews, Comparison of the genetic activity of dimethylnitrosamine, ethyl methanesulfonate, 2-acetylaminofluorene and ICR-170 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains D3, D4 and D5 using in vitro assays with and without metabolic activation, Mutat. Res., 26, 491-500 (1974). (27) F. K. Zimmermann, Induction of mitotic gene conversion by mutagens, Mutat. Res., 11, 327-337 (1971). (28) V. F. Simmon, In vitro assay for recombinogenic activity of chemical carcinogens and related compounds with Saccharomyces cerevisiae D3,J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 62, 901-909 (1979).