COLOR RETENTION AND BLEEDING POTENTIAL OF A LIPSTICK 409 in outlining the lip area and detecting changes of color properties immediately after product application and after 8 h of wear. The color retention and bleeding potential parameters established in this study were adequate of quantitatively describing the phe- nomena. The panel perception study performed on a select group of the resulting images generated meaningful threshold levels when correlated with the objectively measured results. The controlled clinical setting of the study with a statistically acceptable study population helped generate consistent results for method development. Over the 8 h studied, the mean value of color retention decreased and that of color bleeding increased. The methods established in this study provide a quantitative description of those color properties with consumer relevance and could serve as an objective means to substantiate “long-lasting” and “non-bleeding” claims of lip color products. ACKNOWLEDGM ENTS We would li ke to thank Robin Thacker, William Schaefer, and Elizabeth Gyurke for their assistance in carrying out the clinical study, and Sarah Whitehead for her review and com- ments on the article. REFERENCES ( 1) Lipstick Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2019–2024 IMARC (2019), https://www.imarcgroup.com/lipstick-market. Accessed on April 2, 2020. (2) J. Pallin gston, Lipstick: A Celebration of the World’s Favorite Cosmetic (St. Martin’s Press, New York, NY, 1999). (3) W. McKea c hie, Lipstick as a determiner of fi rst impressions of personality: an experiment for the general psychology course, J. Soc. Psychol., 36, 241–244 (1952). (4) L. Scott , “Rethinking necessities,” in Book Fresh Lipstick: Redressing Fashion and Feminism (Palgrave MacMillan, London, UK 2005), pp. 191–222. (5) L. Clarke and A. Bundon, From ‘the thing to do’ to ‘defying the ravages of age’: older women refl ect on the use of lipstick, J. Women Aging, 21, 198–212 (2009). (6) M. Ogilv i e and M. Ryan, Lipstick: more than a fashion trend, Res. J. Soc. Sci. Manag., 1, 117–128 (2011). (7) N. Guégu e n, Does red lipstick really attract men? An evaluation in a bar, Int. J. Psychol. Stud., 4, 206– 209 (2012). (8) L. Zhi-xu a ni, G. Hanchen, and L. Feifan, Analysis of infl uencing factors of Chinese female college students’ lipstick purchasing decisions, Proceedings of 2019 International Conference on Emerging Researches in Management, Business, Finance and Economics (ERMBFE Oct. 15-16, 2019), Shanghai, China (2019), pp. 898–905. (9) S. Hill, C . D. Rodeheffer, V. Griskevicius, K. Durante, A. E. White, Boosting beauty in an economic decline: mating, spending, and the lipstick effect, J. Personal. Soc. Psychol., 103, 275–291 (2012). (10) N. Guegu e n and C. Jacob, Lipstick and tipping behavior: when red lipstick enhance waitresses tips, Int. J. Hospital. Manag., 31, 1333–1335 (2012). (11) Y. Kirit a ni, A. Okazaki, K. Motoyoshi, R. Takano, and N. Ookubo, Color illusion on complexion by lipsticks and its impression, J. Psychon. Sci., 36, 4–16 (2017). (12) K. Kikuc h i, Y. Masuda, T. Yamashita, E. Kawai, and T. Hirao, Image analysis of skin color heterogene- ity focusing on skin chromophores and the age-related changes in facial skin, Skin Res. Technol., 21, 175–183 (2015). (13) E. Tamur a , J. Ishikawa, K. Sugata, K. Tsukahara, H. Yasumori, and T. Yamamoto, Age-related differ- ences in the functional properties of lips compared with skin, Skin Res. Technol., 24, 472–478 (2018). (14) H. Kim, A ge-related changes in lip morphological and physiological characteristics in Korean women, Skin Res. Technol., 25, 277–282 (2019). (15) M. Lee, J . Han, and E. Kim, An evaluation of the effects of makeup on perceived age based on skin color in Korean women, Int. J. Dermatol., 18, 1044–1051 (2019).
JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 410 (16) F. Li, C . Zhao, Z. Xia, Y. Wang, X. Zhou, and G.-Z. Li, Computer-assisted lip diagnosis on traditional Chinese medicine using multi-class support vector machines, BMC Compl. Altern. Med., 12, 127–140 (2012). (17) Y. Park a nd D. Qu, Lip appearance index derived from image analysis and consumer perception, Pre- sented (Podium) at the Society of Cosmetic Chemists Annual Scientifi c Meeting, New York, NY (2013). (18) F. Giron and F. Brie, Process for Measuring Transfer Resistance of a Cosmetic Product, US patent No. 7,258,023 (2007). (19) C. Richa r d, B. Tillé-Salmon, and Y. Mofi d, Contribution to interplay between a delamination test and a sensory analysis of mid-range lipsticks, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 38, 100–108 (2016). (20) D. Rafferty, L Dupin , J. Zellia, A. Giovannitti-Jensen, Predicting lipstick sensory properties with labo- ratory tests, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 40, 451–460 (2018). (21) J. Ryu, S.-G. Park, T .-J. Kwak, M.-Y. Chang, M.-E. Park, K.-H. Choi, K.-H. Sung, H.-J. Shin, C.-K. Lee, Y.-S. Kang, M.-S. Yoon, M.-J. Rang, and S.-J. Kim, Improving lip wrinkles: lipstick-related image analysis, Skin Res. Technol., 11, 157–164 (2005). (22) D. Qu, Y.-B. Chen, L. Feng, Improvi n g precision and accuracy of skin color measurement by using im- age analysis methods with individual image color correction algorithms, Chin. J. Appl. Mech., 26, 93–96 (2017).
Previous Page Next Page