Table III Outcomes of Studies Study Parameters measured Method Measurement method Skin area studied Time, w C. asiatica product Placebo/ comparatorp AEs/dropouts Lee et al. (18) Roughness corresponding to wrinkles Silicon casts Roughness by mage analysis Periorbital skin (lateral to lateral canthus) 0 4 8 12 0.19 ± 0.01 0.20 ± 0.0 0.17 ± 0.01 0.15 ± 0.00 0.20 ± 0.01 0.20 ± 0.01 0.18 ± 0.01 0.17 ± 0.000.05 ns ns ns NR Hydration, roughness, laxity, suppleness, fi ne/ coarse wrinkles Dermatologist visual grading Bundled score Periorbital skin (lateral to lateral canthus) 0 6.7** 0.05 4 5.0 Presumed range 0–17 8 4.5 12 4.2 Self-assessment of participants No quantitative data reported Ryu et al. (19) Lip visual wrinkle scores Photographs Three dermat- ologist score 1–5 Lips 0 3.1 ± 1.0 3.0 ± 1.0 ns AEs, NR 4 2.9 ± 1.0 3.0 ± 1.0 ns Two dropouts 8 1.8 ± 0.9 2.3 ± 1.0 0.05 Reason NR Analysis of silicon lip casts Photographs Image analysis of shadows Lips 4 1.58 ± 18.4 -3.0 ± 24.5ns 3.5 ± 14.70.01 8 22.3 ± 20.3 Periorbital wrinkling Spread of lipstick Visual Lip margines 8 0.32 ± 0.08 0.62 ± 0.15 0.05 Colour depth of lips Hue Colorimetric (hue saturation index) Lips 8 10.5 ± 2.0 17.3 ± 3.2 0.05 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF CENTELLA ASIATICA 445

Study Parameters measured Method Measurement method Skin area studied Time, w C. asiatica product Placebo/ comparatorp AEs/dropouts Tangsumroengwongwong (20) Wrinkles Digital camera Samsung NX100 Rao-goldman Five point visual Scoring Scale 15 mm below lower eyelid 0 3.19 ± 0.53 3.28 ± 0.58 0.5 48-h forearm patch test 4 3.19 ± 0.53 3.28 ± 0.58 0.5 8 3.06 ± 0.61 3.16 ± 0.67 0.5 No reactions 12 2.91 ± 0.64 2.91 ± 0.53 0.9 15 mm lateral from lateral canthus 0 3.38 ± 0.61 3.38 ± 0.60 1.00 CAext =10 4 3.38 ± 0.61 3.38 ± 0.61 1.00 8 3.22 ± 0.66 3.16 ± 0.62 0.67 Tretinoin = 35 rash, scaling, burning 12 3.13 ± 0.71 3.06 ± 0.71 0.72 Visioscan VC98 Skin wrinkle 15 mm below lower eyelid 0 50.5 ± 5.1 50.7 ± 5.3 0.92 Three dropouts reason NR 4 50.4 ± 5.0 50.7 ± 5.2 0.90 8 49.2 ± 5.3 49.8 ± 5.4 0.53 12 48.0 ± 5.0 48.0 ± 5.1 0.94 15 mm lateral from lateral canthus 0 53.3 ± 4.8 53.5 ± 4.4 0.7 4 53.3 ± 4.9 53.5 ± 4.5 0.9 8 51.9 ± 4.4 52.0 ± 4.3 0.9 12 51.0 ± 4.7 51.1 ± 4.6 0.7 Moisture Corneometer Skin resonant frequency, kHz 15 mm below lower eyelid 0 47.2 ± 3.2 45.2 ± 3.7 0.05 4 52.1 ± 2.9 45.2 ± 3.7 0.001 8 56.1 ± 3.1 45.6 ± 3.8 0.001 12 59.7 ± 3.8 45.6 ± 3.7 0.001 15 mm lateral from lateral canthus 0 47.2 ± 4.3 47.0 ± 4.6 0.9 4 49.5 ± 3.9 46.7 ± 4.7 0.003 8 51.2 ± 3.7 46.7 ± 4.9 0.001 12 53.1 ± 3.7 46.7 ± 4.9 0.001 Satisfaction 12 No quantitative data AEs Visual observation Scarlet, dry peeling skin, or stinging skin Either site 4 N = 5 N = 18 8 N = 3 N = 12 12 N = 2 N = 5 Table III Continued JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 446